Observational studyDiabetes2021
DNA Methylation GrimAge and Incident Diabetes: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.
Observational study in Diabetes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating causality in the association between DNA methylation and type 2 diabetes using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation.Diabetologia · 2023Pooled it
- Body mass index, physical activity, and epigenetic aging: a cross-population study.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Observational
- Cancer Treatment-Related Cardiotoxicity among Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Comparative and Integrated View of Multiple Measures of Biological Age Acceleration.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Adaptive immune cells and kidney function in older adults: sex-specific associations in the health and retirement study (HRS).Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Age Acceleration Mediates Treatment Effects on Cardiometabolic and Cardiovascular Risk in Childhood Cancer Survivors.JACC. CardioOncology · 2025Article
- Association of Epigenetic Markers of Aging With Prevalent and Incident Type 2 Diabetes.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Unveiling the impact of DNA-methylation age acceleration on mortality risk in diabetes and pre-diabetes: insights from the US NHANES program.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Associations of DNA Methylation Algorithms of Aging With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Risk Among US Older Adults.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Associations between five indicators of epigenetic age acceleration and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among US adults aged 50 years and older.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional and longitudinal association of seven DNAm-based predictors with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Methylation and algorithms in biological aging: a scoping review.Frontiers in aging · 2025Review
- Epigenetic Clocks: Beyond Biological Age, Using the Past to Predict the Present and Future.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Childhood adversity, accelerated GrimAge, and associated health consequences.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Article
- DNA Methylation Mediates the Association Between Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Cognition: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Associations of Urban Blue and Green Spaces With Coronary Artery Calcification in Black Individuals and Disadvantaged Neighborhoods.Circulation · 2024Article
- Association between epigenetic age and type 2 diabetes mellitus or glycemic traits: A longitudinal twin study.Aging cell · 2024Article
- Epigenomic insights into common human disease pathology.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- Epigenetic link between Agent Orange exposure and type 2 diabetes in Korean veterans.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Physical activity is associated with slower epigenetic ageing-Findings from the Rhineland study.Aging cell · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm)-based biological age (epigenetic age) has been suggested as a useful biomarker of age-related conditions including type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its newest iterations (GrimAge measurements) have shown early promise. In this study, we explored the association between epigenetic age and incident T2D in the context of their relationships with obesity. A total of 1,057 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study were included in the current analyses. We stratified the participants into three groups: normal weight, overweight, and obese. A 1-year increase of GrimAge was associated with higher 10-year (study years 15-25) incidence of T2D (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.11). GrimAge acceleration, which represents the deviation of GrimAge from chronological age, was derived from the residuals of a model of GrimAge and chronological age, and any GrimAge acceleration (positive GrimAA: having GrimAge older than chronological age) was associated with significantly higher odds of 10-year incidence of T2D in obese participants (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.61-4.11). Cumulative obesity was estimated by years since obesity onset, and GrimAge partially mediated the statistical association between cumulative obesity and incident diabetes or prediabetes (proportion mediated = 8.0%). In conclusion, both older and accelerated GrimAge were associated with higher risk of T2D, particularly among obese participants. GrimAge also statistically mediated the associations between cumulative obesity and T2D. Our findings suggest that epigenetic age measurements with DNAm can potentially be used as a risk factor or biomarker associated with T2D development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.