ArticleEndocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)2021
Characteristics of Immune-Related Thyroid Adverse Events in Patients Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors.
Article in Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence of thyroid adverse events following immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in patients with baseline positive thyroid antibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-related thyroid dysfunction: influencing factor analysis, prediction model development, and management strategy proposal.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence of Endocrine-Related Dysfunction in Patients Treated with New Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Review.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Pooled it
- Perioperative toripalimab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy might improve outcomes in resectable esophageal cancer: an interim analysis of a phase III randomized clinical trial.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2024Trial
- PD-1 inhibitors combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitor-associated hypothyroidism is a predictive factor for antitumor effectiveness in male patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Risk factors for endocrinological immune-related adverse events in patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Observational
- Current status of management of immune-related adverse events and practical needs for oncologist education.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- Changes in thyroid hormone levels indicate immunotherapy efficacy in gastric cancer.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Thyroid dysfunction as a predictor of PD- 1/PD-L1 inhibitor efficacy in advanced lung cancer.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Risk factors of immune-related endocrine toxicities in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab and its impact on patient outcomes: a multicenter retrospective study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Best practices in the management of thyroid dysfunction induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.European thyroid journal · 2025Review
- Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting immune-related thyroid dysfunction during immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective cohort study in China.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Complete remission in PD-L1 high expression advanced gastric cancer patient with PD-L1 immunotherapy and chemotherapy integration treatment strategy: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Autoantibody-positivity before and seroconversion during treatment with anti-PD-1 is associated with immune-related adverse events in patients with melanoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Non-Invasive Predictive Biomarkers for Immune-Related Adverse Events Due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Cancers · 2024Review
- Review
- Thyroid Dysfunction after Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab Is Associated with Favorable Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Liver cancer · 2024Article
- Immune-related thyroid dysfunction in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Biomarkers in the early stage of PD-1 inhibitor treatment have shown superior predictive capabilities for immune-related thyroid dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Immune-related thyroid dysfunctions during anti PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: new evidence from a single centre experience.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThyroid immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) have been reported in patients treated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death protein-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. We investigated the incidence and clinical course of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroid IRAEs, and identified predictable clinical risk factors of thyroid IRAEs, in particular, overt hypothyroidism (OH).
methodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 325 cancer patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor in a tertiary referral center.
resultsA total of 50.5% (164/325) of patients experienced at least one abnormal thyroid function following PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. Eighty-four patients (51.2%) of them recovered to normal thyroid function during follow-up. In overall population, 25 patients (7.7%) required thyroid hormone replacement therapy due to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced OH. Patients who progressed to OH showed significantly higher baseline thyroid stimulating hormone level and longer duration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy than those without thyroid dysfunction or OH (both P<0.001). Median time interval to the development of OH was 3 months after the therapy. OH was significantly associated with positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody at baseline and anti-thyroglobulin antibody during the therapy than those without thyroid dysfunction or OH (P=0.015 and P=0.005, respectively). We observed no patients with OH who were able to stop levothyroxine replacement after the cessation of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy.
conclusionPD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroid dysfunctions are considerably reversible; however, OH is irreversible requiring levothyroxine replacement even after stopping the therapy. Positive thyroid autoantibodies may predict the progression to OH.
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