ArticleNeurospine2021
Virtual Reality in Preoperative Planning of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery Using Google Cardboard.
Article in Neurospine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Optimizing Surgical Performance Using Preoperative Virtual Reality Planning: A Systematic Review.World journal of surgery · 2023Pooled it
- Improving Resident Frontal Sinusotomy Education With Three-Dimensional Surgical Planning Software.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
- The Impact of 3D Printed Spine Models on Surgical Planning for Vertebral Column Resection: A Descriptive Case Series.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026Article
- SomaVR: A low-cost virtual reality platform and implementation framework for medical education in resource-limited settings.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- The digital evolution of surgical planning: a systematic review of immersive and interactive technologies.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Review
- Benefit of virtual reality during visceral artery aneurysms open and endovascular surgery planning.Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques · 2025Article
- Integration of Virtual Reality Headsets into Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Insights from a Cadaveric Lab and Multicenter Surgeon Survey.Spine surgery and related research · 2025Article
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- Integrating Augmented Reality in Spine Surgery: Redefining Precision with New Technologies.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality Applications for Surgical Rehearsal, Operative Execution, and Patient Education in Spine Surgery: A Scoping Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- The three-dimensional coupling mechanism in scoliosis and its consequences for correction.Spine deformity · 2023Article
- Editorial: New perspectives and innovative techniques in contemporary spine surgery.Frontiers in surgery · 2023Article
- The Last Touched Vertebra on Supine Radiographs Can Be the Optimal Lower Instrumented Vertebra in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients.Neurospine · 2022Article
- New Approach to Accelerated Image Annotation by Leveraging Virtual Reality and Cloud Computing.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivePreoperative planning in spine surgery is a fundamental step of the surgical workup and is often assisted by direct visualization of anatomical 2-dimensional images. This process is time-consuming and may excessively approximate the 3-dimensional (3D) nature of spinal anatomy. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology capable of reconstructing an interactive 3D anatomical model that can be freely explored and manipulated.
methodsSixty patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis underwent correction of the scoliotic curve by posterior arthrodesis after preoperative planning using traditional on-screen visualization of computed tomography scans (control group, n = 30) or exploration of a 3D anatomical model in VR using Google Cardboard (Google Inc.) (VR group, n = 30). Mean operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and surgeon's satisfaction were assessed after surgery.
resultsThe use of VR led to a significant decrease in operative time and bleeding while increasing the surgeon's satisfaction compared to the control group.
conclusionPreoperative planning with VR turned out to be effective in terms of operative time and blood loss reduction. Moreover, such technology proved to be reproducible, costeffective, and more satisfactory compared to conventional planning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.