Trial reportChest2021
Effect of Early High-Dose Vitamin D3 Repletion on Cognitive Outcomes in Critically Ill Adults.
Trial report in Chest, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03733418 (Vitamin D to Improve Outcomes by Leveraging Early Treatment), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Vitamin D to Improve Outcomes by Leveraging Early Treatment: Long-term Brain Outcomes in Vitamin D Deficient Patients (VIOLET-BUD)
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms underlying neurocognitive dysfunction following critical illness: a systematic review.Anaesthesia · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamin D Supplementation and Cognition in Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.CNS drugs · 2021Pooled it
- Preoperative vitamin D insufficiency increases the risk of delayed neurocognitive recovery via acute systemic inflammation in elderly women undergoing gynecological surgery.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective Roles of Vitamin D: Bridging the Gap Between Mechanisms and Clinical Applications in Cognitive Decline.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Enhanced Vitamin DPolymers · 2025Article
- Review
- Vitamin D Supplementation in Critically Ill-Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Prevention, Assessment, and Management of Malnutrition in Older Adults with Early Stages of Cognitive Disorders.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The role of type 2 diabetes in the association between habitual glucosamine use and dementia: a prospective cohort study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2022Article
- Article
- Serum Vitamin D as a Biomarker in Autoimmune, Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Nutrition in the Intensive Care Unit-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLong-term cognitive impairment frequently occurs after critical illness; no treatments are known to improve long-term cognition. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does a single high-dose (540,000 International Units) enteral treatment of vitamin D3 given shortly after hospital admission in critically ill patients who are vitamin D deficient improve long-term global cognition or executive function? STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsThis study evaluated long-term cognitive outcomes among patients enrolled in a multicenter, blinded, randomized clinical trial comparing vitamin D3 treatment vs placebo in critically ill adults with vitamin D deficiency. Global cognition was measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Executive function was measured with a composite score derived from three Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System subscales. Outcomes were assessed at a median of 443 days (interquartile range, 390-482 days) after randomization and were compared using multivariate proportional odds regression. Adjusted ORs of > 1.0 would indicate better outcomes in the vitamin D3 group compared with the placebo group.
resultsNinety-five patients were enrolled, including 47 patients randomized to vitamin D3 treatment and 48 patients randomized to placebo. The adjusted median RBANS score at follow-up was 79.6 (95% CI, 73.0-84.0) in the vitamin D3 group and 82.1 (95% CI, 74.7-84.6) in the placebo group (adjusted OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.50-1.38). The adjusted median executive function composite scores were 8.1 (95% CI, 6.8-9.0) and 8.7 (95% CI, 7.4-9.3), respectively (adjusted OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.36-1.42).
interpretationIn vitamin D-deficient, critically-ill adults, a large dose of enteral vitamin D3 did not improve long-term global cognition or executive function. TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03733418; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.