ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
High prevalence and mortality due to Histoplasma capsulatum in the Brazilian Amazon: An autopsy study.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tissue distribution of Histoplasma capsulatum in deceased people living with HIV assessed by minimally invasive tissue sampling: An autopsy-based case series in the Brazilian Amazon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Observational
- Histoplasmosis: a missing piece in the global efforts to end HIV deaths.The lancet. HIV · 2026Review
- Histoplasma antigen detection: A laboratory-based retrospective review of routine testing from 2021 to 2023.Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026Article
- Mapping carbon utilization pathways inmSystems · 2025Article
- High Genetic Diversity of Histoplasma in the Amazon Basin, 2006-2017.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Design and optimization of an improved qPCR assay for the detection of Histoplasma capsulatum.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2023Article
- Advanced HIV disease: A review of diagnostic and prophylactic strategies.HIV medicine · 2023Review
- Tackling Histoplasmosis Infection in People Living with HIV from Latin America: From Diagnostic Strategy to Public Health Solutions.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Molecular Detection ofTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
- Molecular Diagnosis of Endemic Mycoses.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHistoplasmosis is acquired by inhalation of spores of the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma spp. Although this pathogen is distributed worldwide, it is more prevalent in the Americas. However, the real burden of histoplasmosis remains undefined in many endemic regions. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a series of 61 autopsies to individuals who died in a hospital in the Brazilian Amazon focused on infectious diseases. We performed a detailed histological and microbiological evaluation with genetic characterization of Histoplasma strains with the aim to evaluate the contribution of histoplasmosis to morbidity and mortality. Additionally, we assessed the clinicopathological correlation. PRINCIPAL
findingsEvidence of Histoplasma infection was detected in 21 patients (34%). Eight cases were disseminated infections, all of them occurred in HIV-positive patients. Six cases were localized histoplasmosis, limited to the lungs. In seven patients Histoplasma DNA was detected by PCR in patients with no histological lesions. Histoplasma infection was detected in 38% of HIV-positive patients and was a major contributor to death in 22% of them. Lungs, liver and spleen were affected in all cases of disseminated histoplasmosis. Phylogenetic analysis of the strains suggested a high diversity of Histoplasma species circulating in the Brazilian Amazon. Histoplasmosis was clinically missed in 75% of the disseminated infections.
conclusionsThe high incidence of histoplasmosis, the low index of clinical suspicion, and the severity of the disseminated disease highlight the need of proactively implementing sensitive routine screening methods for this pathogen in endemic areas. Antifungal prophylaxis against Histoplasma should be encouraged in the severely immunocompromised HIV patients in these areas. In conclusion, substantial mortality is associated with disseminated histoplasmosis among HIV-positive patients in the Brazilian Amazon.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.