ArticleAnnals of Saudi medicine
The prevalence of celiac disease in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Annals of Saudi medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ophthalmic manifestations of celiac disease in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence of autoimmune diseases in patients with type 1 diabetes: a scoping review.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Prevalence of Celiac Disease in a Large Cohort of Type 1 Diabetes from Saudi Arabia.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Celiac disease autoimmunity among Nigerian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Review
- Circulating circular RNA profiles associated with celiac disease seropositivity in children with type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that is highly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The reported prevalence of CD in patients with T1DM in Saudi Arabia varies and the number of studies is limited.
objectivesDetermine the prevalence of CD diagnosed with anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibodies or by endoscopic biopsy in adolescents and adults with T1DM.
designCross-sectional, retrospective medical record review.
settingTertiary care center. PATIENTS AND
methodsThe study population included adolescents and adults with T1DM who were screened for CD between 2010 and 2019. The study variables included age, sex, age at diagnosis of T1DM, age of positive celiac screening, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total daily insulin dose, frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and other autoimmune diseases.
main outcome measuresThe prevalence of celiac disease in adolescents and adults with T1DM. SAMPLE SIZE: 539 patients.
resultsThe prevalence of positive celiac test results was 11.5% (n=62). A small proportion (n=5, 8%) of the positive CD group was diagnosed with T1DM after they tested positive with the celiac screening test. Ten (16%) were diagnosed with T1DM and CD in the same year. The rest of the sample had a positive screening test after being diagnosed with T1DM. There was no statistically significant difference between the CD positive and negative groups for HbA1C, DKA frequency, microvascular complications of diabetes or thyroid disorder. For histopathological confirmation of CD, only 37% (n=23) of the group with a positive screening test underwent endoscopy. In this group, 43% (n=10) had normal endoscopic biopsy findings, 21.7% (n=5) had partial villous atrophy and 34.7% (n=8) had total villous atrophy.
conclusionsThis study highlights the importance of screening for CD in T1DM patients. CD prevalence is high in patients with T1DM, despite the high likelihood of underdiagnosis. Additional studies of different age groups and the use of different study methods are required. In addition, a unified national strategy to diagnose CD in T1DM patients is highly advisable. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective, single-center, few confirmations of CD by intestinal biopsy. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.
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