Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33817991›Full record

Observational studyTransboundary and emerging diseases2022

Face-touching behaviour as a possible correlate of mask-wearing: A video observational study of public place incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Lasse S Liebst, Peter Ejbye-Ernst, Marijn de Bruin, Josephine Thomas, Marie R Lindegaard

Abstract readObservational StudyVideo-Audio Media
In one paragraph

Observational study in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
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  8. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Lasse S LiebstDepartment of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1062-2447
Peter Ejbye-ErnstThe Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4598-7235
Marijn de BruinRadboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3100-6803
Josephine ThomasThe Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9835-1121
Marie R LindegaardDepartment of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1630-774X

Funding

The Dutch Organization for Health Research and Innovation (ZonMw, grant no. 50-56300-98-603)The National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentThe Rotterdam and Amsterdam Safety Regions
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most countries in the world have recommended or mandated face masks in some or all public places during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, mask use has been thought to increase people's face-touching frequency and thus risk of self-inoculation. Across two studies, we video-observed the face-touching behaviour of members of the public in Amsterdam and Rotterdam (the Netherlands) during the first wave of the pandemic. Study 1 (n = 383) yielded evidence in favour of the absence of an association between mask-wearing and face-touching (defined as touches of face or mask), and Study 2 (n = 421) replicated this result. Secondary outcome analysis of the two studies-analysed separately and with pooled data sets-evidenced a negative association between mask-wearing and hand contact with the face and its t-zone (i.e. eyes, nose and mouth). In sum, the current findings alleviate the concern that mask-wearing has an adverse face-touching effect.

Indexed as

COVID-19HumansNetherlandsPandemicsSARS-CoV-2TouchCOVID-19face-touchingmasksreal-life behaviourvideo observation

Identifiers

PMID33817991
PMCPMC8250516

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.