ArticleiScience2021
Potential anti-COVID-19 agents, cepharanthine and nelfinavir, and their usage for combination treatment.
Article in iScience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of oral administrated cepharanthine in non-hospitalized, asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 patients: a Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial : Author detials.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Nelfinavir in Patients with Mild COVID-19.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Trial
- Preventive and therapeutic benefits of nelfinavir in rhesus macaques and human beings infected with SARS-CoV-2.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Trial
- Direct visualization of RNA virus and evaluation of drug effect in living cells by catalytically transformable DNA cube.Science advances · 2026Article
- Synergistic Effects of Cepharanthine and Amphotericin B Against Candida albicans by Targeting PMP3-Mediated Sphingolipid Biosynthesis and Membrane Disruption.Mycopathologia · 2026Article
- Human angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2‑specific benzothiazole-based allosteric inhibitor against pan‑sarbecoviruses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Interaction Between Orientin and the Spike of SARS-CoV-2: An In Silico and Experimental Approach.Viruses · 2025Article
- Cepharanthine inhibits enterovirus entry by endolysosomal deacidification and exhibits protective activityAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Cepharanthine Induces Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer via the Nrf2/Keap1 Pathway.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Structural analysis shows the mode of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus lipase by antipsychotic penfluridol.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Precision spatiotemporal analysis of large-scale compound-protein interactions through molecular dynamics simulation.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Assembly and analysis of stephania japonica mitochondrial genome provides new insights into its identification and energy metabolism.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Inhaled Dry Powder of Antiviral Agents: A Promising Approach to Treating Respiratory Viral Pathogens.Viruses · 2025Review
- Identification and Characterization of Two Se6OMTs fromMetabolites · 2025Article
- Repurposing Drugs and Synergistic Combinations as Potential Therapies for Inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Replication.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Identification of cepharanthine as an effective inhibitor of African swine fever virus replication.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Drupacine as a potent SARS-CoV-2 replication inhibitorBiosafety and health · 2024Article
- Bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids inhibit African swine fever virus internalization and replication by impairing late endosomal/lysosomal function.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 drug discovery and treatment options.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Prediction of Binding Pose and Affinity of Nelfinavir, a SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Repositioned Drug, by Combining Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and Fragment Molecular Orbital Calculations.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2024Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors at 11 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Antiviral treatments targeting the coronavirus disease 2019 are urgently required. We screened a panel of already approved drugs in a cell culture model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and identified two new agents having higher antiviral potentials than the drug candidates such as remdesivir and chroloquine in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells: the anti-inflammatory drug cepharanthine and human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor nelfinavir. Cepharanthine inhibited SARS-CoV-2 entry through the blocking of viral binding to target cells, while nelfinavir suppressed viral replication partly by protease inhibition. Consistent with their different modes of action, synergistic effect of this combined treatment to limit SARS-CoV-2 proliferation was highlighted. Mathematical modeling
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.