Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33816759›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)2021

The Cognitive & Leisure Activity Scale (CLAS): A new measure to quantify cognitive activities in older adults with and without cognitive impairment.

James E Galvin, Magdalena I Tolea, Stephanie Chrisphonte

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Self-Efficacy is Key: Examining the Role of Motivation to Engage in Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors for Dementia Prevention in Midlife.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026
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  7. Development of the Leisure Activity Scale for young adults: Reliability and validity.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. APOE ε4 carrier status moderates the effect of lifestyle factors on cognitive reserve.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

James E GalvinComprehensive Center for Brain Health Department of Neurology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.
Magdalena I ToleaComprehensive Center for Brain Health Department of Neurology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.
Stephanie ChrisphonteComprehensive Center for Brain Health Department of Neurology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.

Funding

Multicultural Community Dementia ScreeningR01AG071514 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI GALVIN, JAMES E · 2021 to 2025
$13.8M
Reducing Disparities in Dementia and VCID Outcomes in a Multicultural Rural PopulationR01NS101483 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI GALVIN, JAMES E · 2019 to 2023
$8.0M
Digital Detection of Dementia Studies (D cubed Studies).R01AG069765 · NIA · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI BEN-MILED, ZINA, BOUSTANI, MALAZ · 2020 to 2024
$4.9M
Multicultural Community Dementia Screening.R01AG040211 · NIA · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI GALVIN, JAMES E · 2011 to 2018
$3.2M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG040211NIA NIH HHS R01 AG071514NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS101483
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPotentially modifiable dementia risk factors include diet and physical and cognitive activity. However, there is a paucity of scales to quantify cognitive activities. To address this, we developed the Cognitive & Leisure Activity Scale (CLAS).

methodsThe CLAS was validated in 318 consecutive individuals with and without cognitive impairment. Psychometric properties were compared with sample characteristics, disease stage, and etiology.

resultsThe CLAS has very good data quality (Cronbach alpha: 0.731; 95% confidence interval: 0.67-0.78). CLAS scores correlated with gold standard measures of cognition, function, physical functionality, behavior, and caregiver burden. CLAS scores were positively correlated with other resilience factors (eg, diet, physical activity) and negatively correlated with vulnerability factors (eg, older age, frailty). DISCUSSION: The CLAS is a brief inventory to estimate dosage of participation in cognitive activities. The CLAS could be used in clinical care to enhance cognitive activity or in research to estimate dosage of activities prior to an intervention.

Indexed as

Alzheimer's diseasecognitive activitycognitive impairmentdementiadementia prevention

Identifiers

PMID33816759
PMCPMC8012243

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.