Trial reportBioMed research international2021
PD-1 Is an Immune-Inflammatory Potential Biomarker in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum of Intractable Epilepsy.
Trial report in BioMed research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Regulatory T-cells in children with generalized epilepsy: a case-control study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Research progress on the role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.Ibrain · 2025Review
- Anti-PD-1 treatment protects against seizure by suppressing sodium channel function.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Retracted: PD-1 Is an Immune-Inflammatory Potential Biomarker in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum of Intractable Epilepsy.BioMed research international · 2024Article
- Epilepsy Characteristics in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Research from Patient Cohorts and Animal Models Focusing on Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Inflammation-related genes and immune infiltration landscape identified in kainite-induced temporal lobe epilepsy based on integrated bioinformatics analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Characterization of Immune-Related Genes and Immune Infiltration Features in Epilepsy by Multi-Transcriptome Data.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
- Emerging Roles of T Helper Cells in Non-Infectious Neuroinflammation: Savior or Sinner.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Identification of Potential Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Targets in Gliomas via Bioinformatic Analyses.BioMed research international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2024-01-09Compromised Peer Review · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by Third Party · Paper Mill · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePrevious studies have demonstrated that immune and inflammatory factors play an important role in recurrent seizures. The PD-1-PD-L pathway plays a central and peripheral immunosuppressive role by regulating multiple signaling pathways during the inflammatory and immunologic processes. This study is aimed at assessing PD-1 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from patients with intractable epilepsy.
methodsPD-1 levels were assessed in CSF and serum samples from 67 patients with intractable epilepsy (41 and 26 individuals with partial seizure and intractable status epilepticus, respectively) and 25 healthy controls, using flow cytometric analysis and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
resultsSerum-PD-1+CD4
conclusionSerum- and CSF-PD-1 levels constitute a potential clinical diagnostic biomarker for intractable epilepsy and could also be used for differential diagnosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.