SynthesisArchives of medical research2021
Proton Pump Inhibitors: Current Use and the Risk of Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 Development and its Related Mortality. Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Archives of medical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Is Not Strongly Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Related Outcomes: A Nationwide Study and Meta-analysis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2021Pooled it
- Analysis of infection-related adverse events induced by proton pump inhibitors based on the FAERS and JADER databases.Medicine · 2025Article
- Analyzing Prescribing Trends of Gastric Acid Suppressants in the UK Using Segmented Regression: Evaluating the Influence of COVID-19 (2019-2024).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Proton pump inhibitors and gastrointestinal symptoms among patients with COVID-19 infection.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Children.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Adverse Effects Associated with Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors.Chonnam medical journal · 2023Review
- A Pharmacogenetics-Based Approach to Managing Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Current Perspectives and Future Steps.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Drug-Disease Severity and Target-Disease Severity Interaction Networks in COVID-19 Patients.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe ongoing Coronavirus Infectious Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health crisis that has had a magnanimous worldwide impact on all aspects of people's lives. Several observational studies investigated the relationship between Proton Pump Inhibitors use and the risk of COVID-19 development and mortality. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the association between current PPIs use and the development of COVID-19 as well as its mortality.
methodsPubmed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and medRxiv were searched until November 21, 2020 using the following keywords: proton pump inhibitors and COVID-19 as well as their related MESH terms. The studies considered in the meta-analysis were either cohort or case-control in design and adjusted for confounding factors. The quality of the studies included in this meta-analysis was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. In addition, a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled Odds Ratio (ORs) and the corresponding confidence interval (95% CI). Heterogeneity was evaluated using The Cochran's Q heterogeneity test and I
resultsSix observational studies with 195,230 participants were included. In this meta-analysis, current use of PPIs increased risk of COVID-19 development (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.62-2.28) and mortality (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.41-1.97).
conclusionsOur meta-analysis indicates that current PPIs use significantly increased the risk of COVID-19 mortality, but it did not reach a significant threshold in regards to the risk of COVID-19 development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.