ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021
Comparison of HBV reactivation between patients with high HBV-DNA and low HBV-DNA loads undergoing PD-1 inhibitor and concurrent antiviral prophylaxis.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatitis B reactivation in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Pooled it
- Hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibition: systematic review with meta-analysis.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Pooled it
- KASL clinical practice guidelines for management of chronic hepatitis B.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2022Guideline
- Sequential combination of anti-PD-1 antibody and PEG-IFNα in chronic hepatitis B patients: correlates of HBsAg loss with enhanced T-cell responses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Trial
- KASL clinical practice guidelines for management of chronic hepatitis B Endorsed by the East Asia Liver Alliance (EALA).Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
- HBV reactivation during immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: risk factors and clinical management.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of combining TACE with atezolizumab/bevacizumab versus TACE alone: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- The BTLA/HVEM axis as a key regulator for stratified functional cure in chronic hepatitis B.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Antineoplastic agents-associated hepatitis B virus reactivation: Research progress and molecular mechanisms.Virus research · 2025Review
- HBV reactivation and its metabolomic profile after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2025Article
- Article
- HBV reactivation and its management in HBV-related HCC patients undergoing HAIC-TKI-ICI therapy: A multicenter study.iScience · 2025Article
- Statistical Cure After Hepatectomy for Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Risk-Stratification Model.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Postoperative hepatitis B virus reactivation and its impact on survival in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing conversion therapy with interventional therapy combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Association of hepatitis B virus DNA levels with efficacy and safety and the impact of antiviral therapy on prognosis in liver cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Combined radiation and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for metastatic or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: a real-world study of 108 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Management of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infections in Patients with Cancer Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2024Review
- Risk of HBV reactivation in HCC patients undergoing combination therapy of PD-1 inhibitors and angiogenesis inhibitors in the antiviral era.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- A Systematic Review of the Advances in the Study of T Lymphocyte Suppressor Receptors in HBV Infection: Potential Therapeutic Targets.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation and its effect on survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and lenvatinib plus programmed death receptor-1 inhibitors.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProgrammed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor is recommended to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the safety of PD-1 inhibitor in patients with high HBV-DNA load is unknown because of the potential risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation. This study was to compare the HBV reactivation between patients with low HBV-DNA loads and high HBV-DNA loads undergoing antiviral prophylaxis and PD-1 inhibitor.
methodsThis was a retrospective study including consecutive hepatitis B surface antigen-positive HCC patients who received PD-1 inhibitor and concurrent antiviral prophylaxis for prevention of clinical hepatitis. Patients were divided into low HBV-DNA group (low group, ≤ 500 IU/ml) and high HBV-DNA group (high group, > 500 IU/ml) according to the baseline HBV-DNA level. The incidences of HBV reactivation, HBV-associated hepatitis, and PD-1 inhibitor disruption were compared between the two groups.
resultsTwo hundred two eligible patients were included: 94 in the low group and 108 in the high group. Seven patients (5 in the low group and 2 in the high group) developed HBV reactivation, and all recovered from HBV reactivation and HBV-associated hepatitis. The incidence of HBV reactivation in the two groups was low (5.3% vs 1.9%, P = 0.34). There was also no difference in the incidence of HBV-associated hepatitis (P = 0.56), or PD-1 inhibitor disruption (P = 0.82). The multivariable analysis showed PD-1 inhibitor with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy was the only significant risk factor for HBV reactivation (P = 0.04) and hepatitis (P = 0.002).
conclusionWith concurrent antiviral prophylaxis, HBV-DNA load higher than 500 IU/ml should not be a contraindication for PD-1 inhibitor.
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