ArticleEBioMedicine2021
Immune response characterization in a human challenge study with a Shigella flexneri 2a bioconjugate vaccine.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06615375 (Phase 2b, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Efficacy Challenge Study With the Shigella Tetravalent Bioconjugate Vaccine Shigella4V2), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 2b, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Efficacy Challenge Study With the Shigella Tetravalent Bioconjugate Vaccine Shigella4V2
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complement-mediated serum bactericidal activity of antibodies elicited by theFrontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Functional Antibodies and Innate Immune Responses to WRSS1, a Live Oral Shigella sonnei Vaccine Candidate, in Bangladeshi Adults and Children.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Protective and pathogenic antibody responses from a primate Shigella outbreak inform vaccine design.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Development of an enteric pathogen multiplex immunoassay to measure antibody responses in blood and saliva for integrated serology applications.Journal of immunological methods · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Bioconjugate Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Controlled human malaria infection: overview and potential application in the evaluation of transmission-blocking interventions in malaria-endemic areas.Malaria journal · 2025Review
- Development of a Novel mRNA Vaccine AgainstBioinformatics and biology insights · 2025Article
- Determinants of immune responses predictive of protection against shigellosis in an endemic zone: a systems analysis of antibody profiles and function.The Lancet. Microbe · 2024Article
- Putative correlates of protection against shigellosis assessing immunomarkers across responses to S. sonnei investigational vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Exploring Natural Immune Responses toOpen forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Oral immunization withmSphere · 2024Article
- Role of cellular effectors in the induction and maintenance of IgA responses leading to protective immunity against enteric bacterial pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- B memory cell responses to LPS, IVP and IpaB antigen after oral vaccination with Shigella sonnei vaccine candidates WRSs2 and WRSs3.PloS one · 2024Article
- Shigella-Controlled Human Infection Models: Current and Future Perspectives.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2024Review
- A rhesus macaque intragastric challenge model for evaluating the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of live-attenuatedFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Development of themSphere · 2023Article
- A NovelmSphere · 2023Article
- A Shigella flexneri 2a synthetic glycan-based vaccine induces a long-lasting immune response in adults.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiarrheal diseases are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality affecting all ages, but especially children under the age of five in resource-limited settings. Shigella is a leading contributor to diarrheal diseases caused by bacterial pathogens and is considered a significant antimicrobial resistance threat. While improvements in hygiene, and access to clean water help as control measures, vaccination remains one of the most viable options for significantly reducing morbidity and mortality.
methodsFlexyn2a is a bioconjugate vaccine manufactured using novel conjugation methodologies enzymatically linking the O-polysaccharide of S. flexneri 2a to exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The protective capacity of Flexyn2a was assessed in a controlled human infection model after two intramuscular immunizations. Immune responses pre- and post-immunization and/or infection were investigated and are described here.
findingsFlexyn2a induced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific serum IgG responses post-immunization which were associated with protection against shigellosis. Additionally, several other immune parameters, including memory B cell responses, bactericidal antibodies and serum IgA, were also elevated in vaccinees protected against shigellosis. Immunization with Flexyn2a also induced gut-homing, LPS-specific IgG and IgA secreting B cells, indicating the vaccine induced immune effectors functioning at the site of intestinal infection.
interpretationCollectively, the results of these immunological investigations provide insights into protective immune mechanisms post-immunization with Flexyn2a which can be used to further guide vaccine development and may have applicability to the larger Shigella vaccine field.
fundingFunding for this study was provided through a Wellcome Trust grant.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.