ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2021
Cancer Risk in Patients With Biopsy-Confirmed Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) 2026.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Guideline
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention: A Meta-Analysis and Clinical Decision Framework.Cancer medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Global epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in patients with NAFLD or MAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and risk of incident pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).Obesity facts · 2024Guideline
- Association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and risk of colorectal cancer or colorectal adenoma: an updated meta-analysis of cohort studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of an anti-lipogenic low-carbohydrate high polyunsaturated fat diet or a healthy Nordic diet versus usual care on liver fat and cardiometabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes or prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial (NAFLDiet).Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Differential Cancer Risks and Noninvasive Predictors in MASLD, MetALD, and ALD: A Longitudinal Analysis.Gut and liver · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of HES V2.0 and GALAD for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with cirrhosis.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- Hepatic fibro-inflammation measured by magnetic resonance imaging iron-corrected T1 predicts extrahepatic cancer risk: a UK Biobank study.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
- Chronic liver diseases aggravate radiation-induced intestinal injury through taurocholic acid dysregulation.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Breast Cancer and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Risk Assessment and Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Noncirrhotic Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Disentangling the Effect of BMI on Hepatocellular Carcinoma From Cirrhosis With Multivariable Mendelian Randomization.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Article
- Pharmacologic Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in the Context of Type 2 Diabetes.Current diabetes reports · 2026Review
- Subtype-specific associations of steatotic liver disease with gastric and esophageal cancers: a nationwide cohort study.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026Article
- Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Cirrhosis due to MASLD in Sweden.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Article
- Article
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease accelerates pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis via the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-CD44 axis.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease trajectories with incident liver cancer: a UK Biobank cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsRecent studies link NAFLD to an increased incidence of HCC and extrahepatic cancers. However, earlier studies were small or lacked liver histology, which remains the gold standard for staging NAFLD severity. APPROACH AND
resultsWe conducted a population-based cohort study of all adults with histologically defined NAFLD in Sweden from 1966 to 2016 (N = 8,892). NAFLD was defined from prospectively recorded liver histopathology submitted to all 28 Swedish pathology departments and categorized as simple steatosis, nonfibrotic NASH, noncirrhotic fibrosis, and cirrhosis. NAFLD patients were individually matched to ≤5 general population controls without NAFLD by age, sex, calendar year, and county (N = 39,907). Using Cox proportional hazards modeling, we calculated multivariable adjusted HRs (aHRs) and 95% CIs. Over a median of 13.8 years, we documented 1,691 incident cancers among NAFLD patients and 6,733 among controls. Compared with controls, NAFLD patients had significantly increased overall cancer incidence (10.9 vs. 13.8 per 1,000 person-years [PYs]; difference = 2.9 per 1,000 PYs; aHR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.18-1.36]), driven primarily by HCC (difference = 1.1 per 1,000 PYs; aHR, 17.08 [95% CI, 11.56-25.25]). HCC incidence rates increased monotonically across categories of simple steatosis, nonfibrotic NASH, noncirrhotic fibrosis, and cirrhosis (0.8 per 1,000 PYs, 1.2 per 1,000 PYs, 2.3 per 1,000 PYs, and 6.2 per 1,000 PYs, respectively; P
conclusionsCompared with controls, patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD had significantly increased cancer incidence, attributable primarily to HCC, whereas the contribution of extrahepatic cancers was modest. Although HCC risk was highest with cirrhosis, substantial excess risk was also found with noncirrhotic fibrosis and comorbid diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.