ReviewLeukemia2021
GSK-3: a multifaceted player in acute leukemias.
Review in Leukemia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- CREB1 and GSK3 Isoforms as Potential Adaptive Signaling Nodes in PI3K/Akt/mTOR Inhibitor Treated Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive B-ALL.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Serpine1 Regulates the Enhanced Inhibitory Effect of CHIR99021 Combined with Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 on Myocardial Fibrosis After Myocardial Infarction in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Post-translational modifications of cancer immune checkpoints: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Inhibition of mitochondrial OMA1 ameliorates osteosarcoma tumorigenesis.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Targeting PI3K family with small-molecule inhibitors in cancer therapy: current clinical status and future directions.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Immunometabolism in cancer: basic mechanisms and new targeting strategy.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- Pim Kinase Inhibitors Increase Gilteritinib Cytotoxicity in FLT3-ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia Through GSK-3β Activation and c-Myc and Mcl-1 Proteasomal Degradation.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- Oxidative stress regulates glycogen synthase kinase-3 in lymphocytes of diabetes mellitus patients complicated with cerebral infarction.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Knockdown of UBQLN1 Functions as a Strategy to Inhibit CRC Progression through the ERK-c-Myc Pathway.Cancers · 2023Article
- The GSK3β/Mcl-1 axis is regulated by both FLT3-ITD and Axl and determines the apoptosis induction abilities of FLT3-ITD inhibitors.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
- Novel Insights into the Role of Kras in Myeloid Differentiation: Engaging with Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling.Cells · 2023Review
- The Impact of Oxidative Stress and AKT Pathway on Cancer Cell Functions and Its Application to Natural Products.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Doxorubicin-induced hepatic toxicity in rats: Mechanistic protective role of Omega-3 fatty acids through Nrf2/HO-1 activation and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β axis modulation.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Mechanisms regulating PD-L1 expression in cancers and associated opportunities for novel small-molecule therapeutics.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2022Review
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3: Ion Channels, Plasticity, and Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Related Proteins Modified by Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like Proteins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- SAR Probing of KX2-391 Provided Analogues With Juxtaposed Activity Profile Against Major Oncogenic Kinases.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) consists of two isoforms (α and β) that were originally linked to glucose metabolism regulation. However, GSK-3 is also involved in several signaling pathways controlling many different key functions in healthy cells. GSK-3 is a unique kinase in that its isoforms are constitutively active, while they are inactivated mainly through phosphorylation at Ser residues by a variety of upstream kinases. In the early 1990s, GSK-3 emerged as a key player in cancer cell pathophysiology. Since active GSK-3 promotes destruction of multiple oncogenic proteins (e.g., β-catenin, c-Myc, Mcl-1) it was considered to be a tumor suppressor. Accordingly, GSK-3 is frequently inactivated in human cancer via aberrant regulation of upstream signaling pathways. More recently, however, it has emerged that GSK-3 isoforms display also oncogenic properties, as they up-regulate pathways critical for neoplastic cell proliferation, survival, and drug-resistance. The regulatory roles of GSK-3 isoforms in cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair, tumor metabolism, invasion, and metastasis reflect the therapeutic relevance of these kinases and provide the rationale for combining GSK-3 inhibitors with other targeted drugs. Here, we discuss the multiple and often conflicting roles of GSK-3 isoforms in acute leukemias. We also review the current status of GSK-3 inhibitor development for innovative leukemia therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.