ReviewCancer discovery2021
Development of Immunotherapy Combination Strategies in Cancer.
Review in Cancer discovery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 196 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
196 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 308 citations in OpenAlex.
- PD-1/PD-L1 based immunochemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis focus on PD-L1 expression level.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Pooled it
- Penpulimab and Gemcitabine With or Without Anlotinib in Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Phase 2 Study.International journal of cancer · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant camrelizumab and apatinib combined with chemotherapy in stage IIIA (N2) NSCLC: a multi-center, single-arm, phase II trial.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy or apatinib for resectable stage IIA-IIIA NSCLC: a multicenter, two-arm, phase II exploratory trial.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Intratumoral delivery of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors for recurrent/refractory solid tumors: a proof-of-concept treatment strategy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Randomized trial of anetumab ravtansine and pembrolizumab compared to pembrolizumab for mesothelioma.Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Trial
- Camrelizumab combined with apatinib in patients with first-line platinum-resistant or PD-1 inhibitor resistant recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a single-arm, phase 2 trial.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- Decision-making processes among patients with lung cancer considering participation in neoadjuvant immunotherapy clinical trials: A qualitative grounded theory study.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- Hormone therapy potentiates chemoimmunotherapy by inducing SUMOylation-mediated immunogenic cell death.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- SCLC humanized mice identify T cell infiltration phenotypes in response to combination immune-radiation therapies.iScience · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Prognostic and immunological implications of a mitophagy-associated gene signature in bladder cancer.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Sphingosine kinase-2 inhibition promotes immunogenic differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells through an Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-phosphatidylcholine axis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- SNORD50A/B disassemble ASC-1 complex to silence NF-κB and boost PD-1 blockade in non-small-cell lung cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Emerging therapeutic strategies for CD30-positive lymphomas.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Orchestration of B and T cells predicts prolonged survival after cancer immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Breast cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms of immune evasion, biomarkers, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Genistein and Butein as Bioactive Polyphenols: Molecular Targets, Metabolic Regulation, and Mechanistic Insights.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Targeting cell membrane sphingolipids: a novel ceramide analog CeY-B1 inhibits migration and invasion in cervical cancer cells.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
136 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Harnessing the immune system to treat cancer through inhibitors of CTLA4 and PD-L1 has revolutionized the landscape of cancer. Rational combination strategies aim to enhance the antitumor effects of immunotherapies, but require a deep understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of the immune system and robust preclinical and clinical drug development strategies. We review the current approved immunotherapy combinations, before discussing promising combinatorial approaches in clinical trials and detailing innovative preclinical model systems being used to develop rational combinations. We also discuss the promise of high-order immunotherapy combinations, as well as novel biomarker and combinatorial trial strategies. SIGNIFICANCE: Although immune-checkpoint inhibitors are approved as dual checkpoint strategies, and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and angiogenesis inhibitors for multiple cancers, patient benefit remains limited. Innovative approaches are required to guide the development of novel immunotherapy combinations, ranging from improvements in preclinical tumor model systems to biomarker-driven trial strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.