ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Successful Partnerships: Exploring the Potential of Immunogenic Signals Triggered by TMZ, CX-4945, and Combined Treatment in GL261 Glioblastoma Cells.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combining Temozolomide with a Selective CK2 Inhibitor Results in Anti-Tumour Effects in Glioblastoma Cell Lines.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dual-action nanotherapy: Temozolomide-loaded, anti-PD-L1 scFv-functionalized lipid nanocarriers for targeted glioblastoma therapy.European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Correlation of MR-Based Metabolomics and Molecular Profiling in the Tumor Microenvironment of Temozolomide-Treated Orthotopic GL261 Glioblastoma in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Far-Red Fluorescent Murine Glioma Model for Accurate Assessment of Brain Tumor Progression.Cancers · 2022Article
- Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of the CK2 Inhibitor Silmitasertib (CX-4945) in Human Plasma.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Establishing Imaging Biomarkers of Host Immune System Efficacy during Glioblastoma Therapy Response: Challenges, Obstacles and Future Perspectives.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Article
- Taxifolin Targets PI3K and mTOR and Inhibits Glioblastoma Multiforme.Journal of oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relevance of the cancer immune cycle in therapy response implies that successful treatment may trigger the exposure or the release of immunogenic signals. Previous results with the preclinical GL261 glioblastoma (GB) showed that combination treatment of temozolomide (TMZ) + CX-4945 (protein kinase CK2 inhibitor) outperformed single treatments, provided an immune-friendly schedule was followed. Our purpose was to study possible immunogenic signals released in vitro by GB cells.
methodsGL261 GB cells were treated with TMZ and CX-4945 at different concentrations (25 µM-4 mM) and time frames (12-72 h). Cell viability was measured with Trypan Blue and propidium iodide. Calreticulin exposure was assessed with immunofluorescence, and ATP release was measured with bioluminescence.
resultsTMZ showed cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effects, while CX-4945 showed remarkable cytotoxic effects already at low concentrations. Calreticulin exposure after 24 h was detected with TMZ treatment, as well as TMZ/CX-4945 low concentration combined treatment. ATP release was significantly higher with CX-4945, especially at high concentrations, as well as with TMZ/CX-4945.
conclusionscombined treatment may produce the simultaneous release of two potent immunogenic signals, which can explain the outperformance over single treatments in vivo. A word of caution may be raised since in vitro conditions are not able to mimic pharmacokinetics observed in vivo fully.
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