ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Checkpoint Inhibitors as High-Grade Gliomas Treatment: State of the Art and Future Perspectives.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancements and challenges: immunotherapy therapy in high-grade glioma - a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic Value and Risk Factors of Treatment-Related Lymphopenia in Malignant Glioma Patients Treated With Chemoradiotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- STING agonism in brain tumours: mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic advances.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Glioma tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy: past, present, and future.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Emerging Approaches in Glioblastoma Treatment: Modulating the Extracellular Matrix Through Nanotechnology.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- From Gut to Brain: The Impact of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Brain Cancer.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Review
- Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment: An Important Modulator for Tumoral Progression and Therapy Resistance.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Current approaches in glioblastoma multiforme immunotherapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Review
- Refining patient selection for next-generation immunotherapeutic early-phase clinical trials with a novel and externally validated prognostic nomogram.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Immuno-PET Imaging of CD69 Visualizes T-Cell Activation and Predicts Survival Following Immunotherapy in Murine Glioblastoma.Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- Exploring Monocytes-Macrophages in Immune Microenvironment of Glioblastoma for the Design of Novel Therapeutic Strategies.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses for the treatment of glioma and targeting glioblastoma stem-like cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Cellular Interactions.Cancers · 2022Review
- Triggering anti-GBM immune response with EGFR-mediated photoimmunotherapy.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Biological Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Soluble PD-1/PD-L1 and Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Glioblastoma and the search for non-hypothesis driven combination therapeutics in academia.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Identification of an N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-related signature associated with clinical prognosis, immune response, and chemotherapy in primary glioblastomas.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Soluble Programmed Death Ligand-1 (sPD-L1): A Pool of Circulating Proteins Implicated in Health and Diseases.Cancers · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite significant efforts, no therapies have demonstrated valuable survival benefit beyond the current standard of care. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment landscape and improved patient survival in many advanced malignancies. Unfortunately, these clinical successes have not been replicated in the neuro-oncology field so far. This review summarizes the status of ICI investigation in high-grade gliomas, critically presenting the available data from preclinical models and clinical trials. Moreover, we explore new approaches to increase ICI efficacy, with a particular focus on combinatorial strategies, and the potential biomarkers to identify patients most likely to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.