ReviewCancers2021
Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Checkpoints in Leukaemia as Gatekeepers of Immuno-Modulation.Immunology · 2026Review
- CAREPath: semantic context-aware reasoning paths with mechanism-augmented embeddings for drug repurposing.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Tumor-induced dendritic cell deregulation perturbs T cell proliferation and predicts clinical outcome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- In vitro and in silico evaluation of the synergistic effect of Cytarabine and Zataria multiflora Boiss extract on pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (NALM-6 cell line).Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- Single-cell genomics highlight MYC-associated metabolic activation and altered cell interactions in T-prolymphocytic leukemia progression.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pediatric leukemia: origins, pathogenesis, the role of microenvironment and immunological modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Prognostic Value and Immune Characterization of Genes Associated with Childhood Acute Leukemia applying Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- The tumor microenvironment in leukemia: molecular pathways of immune evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunophenotypic Profiling of Lymphocyte Subsets in Children and Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Immune Dysregulation Before and After Remission.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- JAK2 in pediatric leukemia: mechanisms of pathogenesis and drug development - a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Effects of ibrutinib and venetoclax on the expression of immune checkpoint molecules in leukemic blasts of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Exploring Biochemical Characteristics of Pediatric Hyperdiploid Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Raman Spectroscopy.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Is the vIL-10 Protein from Cytomegalovirus Associated with the Potential Development of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?Viruses · 2025Review
- The rewired immune microenvironment in leukemia.Nature immunology · 2025Review
- Association of B-Lineage Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Gene Polymorphisms with Poor Prognostic Features.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
- The NF-κB1/p50 Subunit Influences the Notch/IL-6-Driven Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Murine T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia elicits an interferon-α/β response in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stroma.Haematologica · 2024Article
- Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure, and incidence of childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a US population-based dataset.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- The Evolving Landscape of Flowcytometric Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring in B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Obesity and Leukemia: Biological Mechanisms, Perspectives, and Challenges.Current obesity reports · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) results from a clonal expansion of abnormal lymphoid progenitors of B cell (BCP-ALL) or T cell (T-ALL) origin that invade bone marrow, peripheral blood, and extramedullary sites. Leukemic cells, apart from their oncogene-driven ability to proliferate and avoid differentiation, also change the phenotype and function of innate and adaptive immune cells, leading to escape from the immune surveillance. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic heterogeneity and treatment of BCP- and T-ALL. We outline the interactions of leukemic cells in the bone marrow microenvironment, mainly with mesenchymal stem cells and immune cells. We describe the mechanisms by which ALL cells escape from immune recognition and elimination by the immune system. We focus on the alterations in ALL cells, such as overexpression of ligands for various inhibitory receptors, including anti-phagocytic receptors on macrophages, NK cell inhibitory receptors, as well as T cell immune checkpoints. In addition, we describe how developing leukemia shapes the bone marrow microenvironment and alters the function of immune cells. Finally, we emphasize that an immunosuppressive microenvironment can reduce the efficacy of chemo- and immunotherapy and provide examples of preclinical studies showing strategies for improving ALL treatment by targeting these immunosuppressive interactions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.