ReviewMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2021
IL-33 in Mental Disorders.
Review in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of children's mental health disorders and implications in pharmacotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Postgraduate medicine · 2025Pooled it
- IL-33-induced neuroimmune regulation in depression: A narrative review from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic potential.Medicine · 2026Review
- Critical role of interleukin-33 in pathogenesis and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Dural Tregs driven by astrocytic IL-33 mitigate depression through the EGFR signals in mPFC neurons.Cell death and differentiation · 2025Article
- Review
- Cytokine Imbalance as a Biomarker of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Schizophrenia and Alarmins.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Interrelationship and Sequencing of Interleukins4, 13, 31, and 33 - An Integrated Systematic Review: Dermatological and Multidisciplinary Perspectives.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
- Influence of antipsychotics on metabolic syndrome risk in patients with schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Food Allergy-Induced Autism-Like Behavior is Associated with Gut Microbiota and Brain mTOR Signaling.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2022Article
- Breast cancer in schizophrenia could be interleukin-33-mediated.World journal of psychiatry · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mental disorders are common in the general population; every year about 25% of the total European population is affected by a mental condition. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders might be underestimated. Emerging evidence highlights the role of immune response as a key factor in MDs. Immunological biomarkers seem to be related to illness progression and to treatment effectiveness; several studies suggest strong associations among IL-6, TNFa, S100b, IL 1b, and PCR with affective or schizophrenic disorders. The purpose of this review is to examine and to understand the possible link between mental disorders and interleukin 33 to clarify the role of this axis in the immune system. We found 13 research papers that evaluated interleukin 33 or interleukin 31 levels in subjects affected by mental disorders. Eight studies investigated cytokines in affective disorders. Three studies measured levels of IL-33 in schizophrenia and two studies focused on patients affected by autism spectrum disorders. Alterations in brain structure and neurodevelopmental outcome are affected by multiple levels of organization. Disorders of the autoimmune response, and of the IL-33/31 axis, may therefore be one of the factors involved in this process. These results support the evidence that alarmins, particularly the IL-33/31 axis, need more consideration among researchers and practitioners.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.