Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33810382›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Characterization of Natural and Alkaline-Oxidized Proanthocyanidins in Plant Extracts by Ultrahigh-Resolution UHPLC-MS/MS.

Maarit Karonen, Iqbal Bin Imran, Marica T Engström, Juha-Pekka Salminen

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Willow (Frontiers in microbiology · 2023
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Maarit KaronenNatural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-9964-6527
Iqbal Bin ImranNatural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-7381-8290
Marica T EngströmNatural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-4123-6039
Juha-Pekka SalminenNatural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
University of Turku · FI

Funding

Academy of Finland 298177Academy of Finland 310549Turun Yliopisto ModiFeed project / Biofuture strategy
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this study, we analyzed the proanthocyanidin (PA) composition of 55 plant extracts before and after alkaline oxidation by ultrahigh-resolution UHPLC-MS/MS. We characterized the natural PA structures in detail and studied the sophisticated changes in the modified PA structures and the typical patterns and models of reactions within different PA classes due to the oxidation. The natural PAs were A- and B-type PCs, PDs and PC/PD mixtures. In addition, we detected galloylated PAs. B-type PCs in different plant extracts were rather stable and showed no or minor modification due to the alkaline oxidation. For some samples, we detected the intramolecular reactions of PCs producing A-type ether linkages. A-type PCs were also rather stable with no or minor modification, but in some plants, the formation of additional ether linkages was detected. PAs containing PD units were more reactive. After alkaline oxidation, these PAs or their oxidation products were no longer detected by MS even though a different type and/or delayed PA hump was still detected by UV at 280 nm. Galloylated PAs were rather stable under alkaline oxidation if they were PC-based, but we detected the intramolecular conversion from B-type to A-type. Galloylated PDs were more reactive and reacted similarly to nongalloylated PDs.

Indexed as

Chromatography, High Pressure LiquidMolecular StructureOxidation-ReductionPlant ExtractsPlantsProanthocyanidinsTandem Mass SpectrometryPlant ExtractsProanthocyanidinshigh-resolution mass spectrometryorbitrapoxidationtanninsUHPLC-DAD-MS/MS

Identifiers

PMID33810382
PMCPMC8037856
OpenAlexW3145426918

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.