ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Health Risks, Preventive Behaviours and Respiratory Illnesses at the 2019 Arbaeen: Implications for COVID-19 and Other Pandemics.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of viral respiratory pathogens circulation among Iranian pilgrims during two large religious mass gatherings: the Hajj and Arbaeen walk 2025.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2026Article
- Challenges and Solutions in Provision of Health Services to People With Disabilities During Mass Gatherings.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Food and plastic waste generation at a large-scale religious festival and implications for sustainable management.Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA · 2026Article
- The Impact of Arbaeen Long-Walk on the Health of Pilgrims: A Qualitative Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Risk factors for diarrheal diseases among pilgrims during Arba'een mass gathering: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Emerging pneumococcal serotypes in Iraq: scope for improved vaccine development.F1000Research · 2023Review
- Pneumococcal Disease: Global Disease Prevention Strategies with a Focus on the Challenges in Iraq.International journal of general medicine · 2023Review
- The epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis: multicenter, hospital-based surveillance of meningococcal meningitis in Iraq.IJID regions · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 poses grave challenges for mass gatherings. One of the world's largest annual gatherings, Arbaeen, occurs in Iraq. We studied respiratory symptoms and risk and protective factors using representative sampling of Arbaeen pilgrims in 2019 to inform prevention of COVID-19 transmission. Structured sampling was used to recruit walking pilgrims. A questionnaire asked about respiratory symptoms, risk, and preventive factors, including hygiene-related resources of toilet facilities. The commonest symptom reported by the 1842 participants (63.3% male, 36.7% female) was cough (25.6%). Eating in mawkibs (rest areas) with indoor kitchens and drinking only packaged water were associated with lower risk of cough (AOR = 0.72, CI = 0.56-0.94; AOR = 0.60; CI = 0.45-0.78,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.