Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33809197›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Post-Processing and Surface Characterization of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 316L Lattice: Implications for BioMedical Use.

Alex Quok An Teo, Lina Yan, Akshay Chaudhari, Gavin Kane O'Neill

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Alex Quok An TeoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
Lina YanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, #07-08 Block EA, Singapore 117575, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-3524-2144
Akshay ChaudhariDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, #07-08 Block EA, Singapore 117575, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0001-9350-4280
Gavin Kane O'NeillDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore.

Funding

National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Cluster (NAMIC) 2016013
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Additive manufacturing of stainless steel is becoming increasingly accessible, allowing for the customisation of structure and surface characteristics; there is little guidance for the post-processing of these metals. We carried out this study to ascertain the effects of various combinations of post-processing methods on the surface of an additively manufactured stainless steel 316L lattice. We also characterized the nature of residual surface particles found after these processes via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, we measured the surface roughness of the post-processing lattices via digital microscopy. The native lattices had a predictably high surface roughness from partially molten particles. Sandblasting effectively removed this but damaged the surface, introducing a peel-off layer, as well as leaving surface residue from the glass beads used. The addition of either abrasive polishing or electropolishing removed the peel-off layer but introduced other surface deficiencies making it more susceptible to corrosion. Finally, when electropolishing was performed after the above processes, there was a significant reduction in residual surface particles. The constitution of the particulate debris as well as the lattice surface roughness following each post-processing method varied, with potential implications for clinical use. The work provides a good base for future development of post-processing methods for additively manufactured stainless steel.

Indexed as

additive manufacturingbiomedical implantspost-processingstainless steel 316Lsurface residue

Identifiers

PMID33809197
PMCPMC8002108

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.