ReviewCancers2021
Metabolic Reprogramming by Reduced Calorie Intake or Pharmacological Caloric Restriction Mimetics for Improved Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive impact of Intermittent Hypoxia Training and Intermittent Fasting on metabolic and cognitive health in adults with obesity: an umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Three decades of anaplastic lymphoma kinase: from physiological roles to cancer and immune evasion.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Metabolites as agents and targets for cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- Combined Effects of Atorvastatin and Glucose Deprivation on Metabolic Stress and Lipid-Raft Disruption in Glioblastoma and Breast Cancer Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Fasting and fasting-mimicking conditions in the cancer immunotherapy era.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2025Review
- Comments: "Effect of long-term negative energy on appetite hormone levels in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes".Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2025Article
- Less is more: calorie restriction as a therapeutic for mental health disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Dietary factors and their influence on immunotherapy strategies in oncology: a comprehensive review.Cell death & disease · 2024Review
- Impact of Physical Exercise on Melanoma Hallmarks: Current Status of Preclinical and Clinical Research.Journal of Cancer · 2024Review
- Targeting the gut microbiota to enhance the antitumor efficacy and attenuate the toxicity of CAR-T cell therapy: a new hope?Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- The obesity-breast cancer link: a multidisciplinary perspective.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2022Review
- Short-Term Fasting Synergizes with Solid Cancer Therapy by Boosting Antitumor Immunity.Cancers · 2022Review
- Review
- Caloric Restriction Mimetics in Nutrition and Clinical Trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
- Targeting the Gut Microbiome to Improve Immunotherapy Outcomes: A Review.Integrative cancer therapiesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Caloric restriction and fasting have been known for a long time for their health- and life-span promoting effects, with coherent observations in multiple model organisms as well as epidemiological and clinical studies. This holds particularly true for cancer. The health-promoting effects of caloric restriction and fasting are mediated at least partly through their cellular effects-chiefly autophagy induction-rather than reduced calorie intake per se. Interestingly, caloric restriction has a differential impact on cancer and healthy cells, due to the atypical metabolic profile of malignant tumors. Caloric restriction mimetics are non-toxic compounds able to mimic the biochemical and physiological effects of caloric restriction including autophagy induction. Caloric restriction and its mimetics induce autophagy to improve the efficacy of some cancer treatments that induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), a type of cellular demise that eventually elicits adaptive antitumor immunity. Caloric restriction and its mimetics also enhance the therapeutic efficacy of chemo-immunotherapies combining ICD-inducing agents with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1. Collectively, preclinical data encourage the application of caloric restriction and its mimetics as an adjuvant to immunotherapies. This recommendation is subject to confirmation in additional experimental settings and in clinical trials. In this work, we review the preclinical and clinical evidence in favor of such therapeutic interventions before listing ongoing clinical trials that will shed some light on this subject.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.