ArticleCancers2021
CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Exosome Targets CD19 Positive B-lineage Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and Induces Cytotoxicity.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered small extracellular vesicles in hematologic malignancies: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and translational challenges.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Engineered CAR-T-Derived Exosomes Co-Delivering miR-145 and Cytotoxic Proteins for Targeted Solid Tumour Therapy.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Harnessing CAR-Extracellular Vesicles for Next-Generation Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle-based strategy in CAR-T cell immunotherapy: challenges, implications, and perspectives.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Clinical potential of CAR T cell-derived extracellular vesicles (CAR-EVs) in cancer therapy: a cell-free approach.Therapeutic delivery · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in age-related diseases: disease pathogenesis, intervention, and biomarker.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Harnessing the power of exosomes for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of hematological malignancies.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- CAR-exosomes derived from immune cells: an emerging nanoscale vanguard in overcoming tumor immunotherapy hurdles.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Dual roles of extracellular vesicles in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: implications for disease progression and theranostic strategies.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Focusing on exosomes to overcome the existing bottlenecks of CAR-T cell therapy.Inflammation and regeneration · 2024Review
- Exploring the potential of the convergence between extracellular vesicles and CAR technology as a novel immunotherapy approach.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Review
- CAR-T cell-derived exosomes: a new perspective for cancer therapy.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Review
- CAR-T cell therapy: a game-changer in cancer treatment and beyond.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Review
- The multifaceted roles of extracellular vesicles for therapeutic intervention with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2024Article
- Advances in nano-immunotherapy for hematological malignancies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Article
- Therapeutic antibodies for the prevention and treatment of cancer.Journal of biomedical science · 2024Review
- CAR-based immunotherapy for breast cancer: peculiarities, ongoing investigations, and future strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Synthetic Cells and Molecules in Cellular Immunotherapy.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Emerging Strategies to Overcome Current CAR-T Therapy Dilemmas - Exosomes Derived from CAR-T Cells.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CAR-T cell therapy is not without some clinical adverse effects, namely cytokine storms, due to a massive release of cytokines when CAR-T cells multiply in the body. Our goal was to develop exosomes expressing CD19 CAR to treat CD19-positive B-cell malignancies, instead of using whole CD19 CAR-T cells, thereby reducing the clinical risk of uncontrolled cytokine storms. Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles (30-150 nm), composed of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, that carry the fingerprint of their parent cells. Exosomes are a preferred delivery system in nano-immunotherapy. Here, HEK293T parent cells were transduced with CD19 CAR plasmids and cellular CD19 CAR expression was confirmed. Exosomes (Exo-CD19 CAR) were isolated from the conditioned medium of non-transduced (WT) and CD19 CAR plasmid transduced HEK293T cells. Consequently, CD19 B-lineage leukemia cell lines were co-cultured with Exo-CD19 CAR and cell death was measured. Our data show that Exo-CD19 CAR treatment induced cytotoxicity and elevated pro-apoptotic genes in CD19-positive leukemia B-cells without inducing cell death in CD19-negative cells. Overall, the novel CD19 CAR exosomes target the CD19 surface antigens of leukemic B-cells and can induce contact-dependent cytotoxicity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.