ArticleBiology2021
Changes in 25-(OH) Vitamin D Levels during the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: Lockdown-Related Effects and First-to-Second Wave Difference-An Observational Study from Northern Italy.
Article in Biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Vitamin D Deficiency and Comorbidities as Risk Factors of COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2022Pooled it
- Variations in vitamin D status among Chinese children aged 1-6 years during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Associations between pre-infection serum vitamin D concentrations and Omicron COVID-19 incidence, severity and reoccurrence in elderly individuals.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Assessment of Supplementation with Different Biomolecules in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and health outcomes of hospitalization owing to COVID-19: a retrospective cross-sectional study.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
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- Reviving the mutual impact of SARS-COV-2 and obesity on patients: From morbidity to mortality.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Review
- Vitamin D: Dosing, levels, form, and route of administration: Does one approach fit all?Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2021Review
- Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Orthopedic Surgery: A Nationwide Analysis of the First Pandemic Year.Cureus · 2021Article
- Vitamin D in the Covid-19 era: a review with recommendations from a G.I.O.S.E.G. expert panel.Endocrine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe investigated the changes in 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25-(OH)D] concentrations values, during the first and the second pandemic waves and the impact of the lockdown periods, with their different approaches to home confinement, among different age groups.
methodsDaily cloud-modified vitamin D UV dose (UVDVC), for the area of interest (Milano, Italy), was obtained. Single-center 25-(OH)D determinations from 40,996 individuals in a 2019 (pre-pandemic), 32,355 individuals from 1 January to 31 August 2020 (containing the first pandemic wave) and 27,684 individuals from 1 June to 30 November 2020 (containing the second wave) were compared to investigate both the effect of the lockdown on vitamin D status and the association between 25-(OH)D and SARS-CoV-2 positivity.
resultsNo direct association was found between UVDVC, 25-(OH)D status and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The stringent confinement implemented during the first wave lockdown has not had any effect on 25-(OH)D status, although some peculiar time-restricted profile behaviors can be deduced, possibly due to vitamin D supplementation habits and features of those patients who presented to the hospital during the lockdown period.
conclusionsAlthough our data do not suggest any direct relationship between 25-(OH)D status, sun exposure, and SARS-CoV-2 infection, an indirect protective role cannot be excluded.
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