ReviewBiomolecules2021
Eat, Train, Sleep-Retreat? Hormonal Interactions of Intermittent Fasting, Exercise and Circadian Rhythm.
Review in Biomolecules, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A new perspective on special effective interventions for metabolic syndrome risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Long-term endurance running training and testosterone daily variation in ageing men; a comparative cross-sectional study.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Biological and Habitual Factors That Influence Sleep and Circadian Rhythm: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Intermittent Fasting and Emotional Regulation: A Psychobiological Framework Integrating Metabolic, Neuroendocrine and Interoceptive Mechanisms.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Accelerometer-derived 'weekend warrior' physical activity pattern and sleep.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Associations between leisure-time physical activity and sleep problems among 11 346 Danish adults: the moderating role of stress.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Diet, Physical Activity, and Sleep Assessment: A Portfolio Scoping Review of Measures in NIH-Funded Epidemiologic Studies.AJPM focus · 2026Review
- Fasting as a Multisystem Health Modulator: A Narrative Review of Metabolic, Cardiovascular, Immune, Neurocognitive, and Psychospiritual Effects.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Diet and physical activity behaviours among people with insomnia symptoms: a cross-sectional survey to understand treatment needs and acceptability.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Circadian influences on glycemic control in 24-hr fasts initiated at different mealtimes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Circadian regulation of osteoclast lysosomal-resorption machinery: implications for osteoporosis therapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- How Important Are Dietary Habits Compared to Other Factors for Sleep Quality?-An Analysis Using Data from a Specific Region in Japan.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Role of the period family in mediating the interplay between circadian disruption and cancer (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Intermittent Fasting and Hormonal Regulation: Pathways to Improved Metabolic Health.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- A Narrative Review about Metabolic Pathways, Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Intermittent Fasting as Autophagy Promotor.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Acrolein-Triggered Ferroptosis and Protection by Intermittent Fasting via the AMPK/NRF2-CLOCK/BMAL1 Pathway.Toxics · 2025Article
- Using Metabolic Testing to Personalize Behavioral Obesity Treatment.Obesity science & practice · 2025Article
- Designing and Evaluating Circadian Experiments on Mouse Skin.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The circadian rhythmicity of endogenous metabolic and hormonal processes is controlled by a complex system of central and peripheral pacemakers, influenced by exogenous factors like light/dark-cycles, nutrition and exercise timing. There is evidence that alterations in this system may be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. It has been shown that disruptions to normal diurnal rhythms lead to drastic changes in circadian processes, as often seen in modern society due to excessive exposure to unnatural light sources. Out of that, research has focused on time-restricted feeding and exercise, as both seem to be able to reset disruptions in circadian pacemakers. Based on these results and personal physical goals, optimal time periods for food intake and exercise have been identified. This review shows that appropriate nutrition and exercise timing are powerful tools to support, rather than not disturb, the circadian rhythm and potentially contribute to the prevention of metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, both lifestyle interventions are unable to address the real issue: the misalignment of our biological with our social time.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.