ReviewToxins2021
Uremic Toxins and Blood Purification: A Review of Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.
Review in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effects of Dapagliflozin on the Bone of Patients with CKD on Dialysis.Calcified tissue international · 2026Trial
- Effects of different hemodialysis modalities combined with low-calcium dialysate on mineral metabolism and vascular calcification in maintenance hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.Journal of applied biomedicine · 2024Trial
- Uremic toxins levels from the gut microbiota seem not to be altered by physical exercise in hemodialysis patients.International urology and nephrology · 2022Trial
- Differential serum dynamics of apelin, elabela, and angiotensinogen in CKD and haemodialysis: insights into peptide modulation across the dialysis procedure.Renal failure · 2026Article
- A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications in Uremic Toxins From 1991 to 2024.Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy · 2026Review
- Trained Immunity as a Mechanistic Bridge Between Uremic Toxins, Atherosclerosis, and Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Functional Nanostructured Carbon Honeycomb Monoliths for Hemoadsorption: Preliminary Studies on Biocompatibility, Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins and Inflammatory Cytokines Elimination.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Elevated p-Cresyl Sulfate Levels Are Associated with Impaired Endothelial Function in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Host-derived nitrate fuels indole production byScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Dialyzer characteristics are associated with differential effects on intradialytic microvascular tissue perfusion.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- A guide to uraemic toxicity.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Comparison of 2-hour versus 4-hour hemoadsorption combined with hemodialysis (HAHD): an in vitro and prospective clinical evaluation.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Next- Gen Detox: Nanoparticles strategies for liver and kidney toxin removal.Toxicology research · 2025Review
- Functional Carbon-Based Materials for Blood Purification: Recent Advances Toward Improved Treatment of Renal Failure and Patient Quality of Life.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Development of PBPK Population Model for End-Stage Renal Disease Patients to Inform OATP1B-, BCRP-, P-gp-, and CYP3A4-Mediated Drug Disposition with Individual Influencing Factors.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Risk factors and predictive model for mortality in acute myocardial infarction with ventricular septal rupture at high altitudes.World journal of cardiology · 2025Article
- Temporal Changes in Blood Metabolome Among Patients on Hemodialysis.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Accumulation of uremic toxins represents one of the major contributors to the rapid progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in patients with end-stage renal disease that are undergoing dialysis treatment. In particular, protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) seem to have an important key pathophysiologic role in CKD, inducing various cardiovascular complications. The removal of uremic toxins from the blood with dialytic techniques represents a proved approach to limit the CKD-related complications. However, conventional dialysis mainly focuses on the removal of water-soluble compounds of low and middle molecular weight, whereas PBTUs are strongly protein-bound, thus not efficiently eliminated. Therefore, over the years, dialysis techniques have been adapted by improving membranes structures or using combined strategies to maximize PBTUs removal and eventually prevent CKD-related complications. Recent findings showed that adsorption-based extracorporeal techniques, in addition to conventional dialysis treatment, may effectively adsorb a significant amount of PBTUs during the course of the sessions. This review is focused on the analysis of the current state of the art for blood purification strategies in order to highlight their potentialities and limits and identify the most feasible solution to improve toxins removal effectiveness, exploring possible future strategies and applications, such as the study of a synergic approach by reducing PBTUs production and increasing their blood clearance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.