Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33808131›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

An Analysis of Suicide Risk Factors among Farmers in the Midwestern United States.

Andrea Bjornestad, Courtney Cuthbertson, Jessie Hendricks

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Factors Associated with Suicidal Behavior in Farmers: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Pooled it
  2. Stress process and mental health among agricultural producers.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Hawai'i Suicide Rates by Occupation 2013-2023.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Stress, Health, and Injury Among Illinois Farmers.American journal of industrial medicine · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. A Comparison between Farm-Related Stress, Mental Health, and Social Support between Men and Women Farmers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Andrea BjornestadDepartment of Counseling and Human Development, South Dakota State University, Wenona Hall 302, Box 0507, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2709-6578
Courtney CuthbertsonDepartment of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, 904 W. Nevada Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6623-9781
Jessie HendricksDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, South Dakota State University, Architecture, Math & Engineering Building 209, Box 2220, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7236-9339

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Research on the complex relationships of variables contributing to farmer suicide is limited. The purpose of the study was to examine factors associated with suicide risk through the use of standardized instruments measuring psychological (depression, anxiety), social (social support), and contextual factors. A questionnaire was completed by 600 farmers in the Midwestern United States. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze associations with suicide risk (SBQ-R), including depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), Brief COPE subscales (BC), social support (MSPSS), and select demographic and farming characteristics. The only variable that emerged as having a significant relationship with the natural log-transformed suicide risk score was coping through self-blame. While suicidality is often considered the outcome of mental illness, our findings do not suggest that suicide risk among farmers is related to mental illness, and a further examination of self-blame as a coping strategy is warranted.

Indexed as

FarmersSuicideAnxietyDepressionHumansMidwestern United StatesRisk FactorsSurveys and Questionnairesanxietydepressionfarmerfarm stressmental healthrancherself-blame copingsocial supportsuicide

Identifiers

PMID33808131
PMCPMC8036405

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.