ReviewAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021
Animal Models for In Vivo Lactation Studies: Anatomy, Physiology and Milk Compositions in the Most Used Non-Clinical Species: A Contribution from the ConcePTION Project.
Review in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nonclinical Considerations for Support of Pregnancy and Lactation in Clinical Trials.Birth defects research · 2026Article
- A long-lasting prolactin stimulates galactopoiesis in mice.iScience · 2025Article
- A Ducted, Biomimetic Nipple Improves Aspects of Infant Feeding Physiology and Performance in an Animal Model.Dysphagia · 2025Article
- Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Amoxicillin in Plasma and Milk in Lactating Göttingen Minipigs - A Contribution from the ConcePTION Project.The AAPS journal · 2025Article
- Transporters and drug secretion into human breast milk.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2025Review
- Comparative Study of Lactogenic Effect and Milk Nutritional Density of Oral Galactagogue in Female Rabbit.Current protein & peptide science · 2025Article
- Göttingen Minipigs as a Model for Assessing the Impact of Drugs on the Gut and Milk Microbiota-A Preliminary Study.Nutrients · 2024Article
- A tutorial on physiologically based pharmacokinetic approaches in lactation research.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2024Article
- A close examination of BCRP's role in lactation and methods for predicting drug distribution into milk.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2024Review
- Development and Characterization of a Human Mammary Epithelial Cell Culture Model for the Blood-Milk Barrier-A Contribution from the ConcePTION Project.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Assessment of Infant Exposure to Antidepressants through Breastfeeding: A Literature Review of Currently Available Approaches.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Selection of a suitable animal model to evaluate secretion of drugs in the human milk: a systematic approach.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems · 2024Article
- How neurobehavior and brain development in alternative whole-organism models can contribute to prediction of developmental neurotoxicity.Neurotoxicology · 2024Review
- Comparative lipidome study of maternal plasma, milk, and lamb plasma in sheep.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the Epithelial Barrier Integrity in Primary Cultures of Pig Mammary Epithelial Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Evolution, diversification and function of the maternal-infant dyad in mammalian feeding.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Ductal Architecture: Corrosion Casting of Canine Mammary Glands Using an Intraductal Approach.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Lactation in the human.Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture · 2023Article
- Generic Workflow to Predict Medicine Concentrations in Human Milk Using Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modelling-A Contribution from the ConcePTION Project.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Understanding and modeling nerve-cancer interactions.Disease models & mechanisms · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The present review aims to summarize the main features of mammary gland anatomy, and the physiology of lactation and colostrum/milk in the most commonly used animal species for regulatory toxicity. The final goal is the selection of a preferred animal species to be enrolled in studies investigating the potential transfer of drugs and exogenous molecules through milk, within the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) funded project ConcePTION. Reference data regarding humans were also collected and analyzed in order to highlight critical similarities and differences with the studied species. Additional practical considerations were also taken into account, such as ethical consideration regarding the chosen species which affects the group size, financial implications and technical feasibility of lactation trials (e.g., ease of sampling, volume of sampling, husbandry requirements and scientific recognition). In conclusion, the present analysis of the literature confirms the complexity of the decisional process behind the choice of an animal model for in vivo trials. For some of the evaluated species, data were either poor or missing, highlighting the necessity to generate more physiological background studies for species that are routinely used in laboratory settings. Overall, when taking into consideration ethical factors, feasible group size, milk volume and ease of milk collection, and physiological similarities with humans, minipigs seem to represent the most appropriate choice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.