Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33807967›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutics2021

pH-Sensitive Alginate/Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Aminated Chitosan Microcapsules for Efficient Encapsulation and Delivery of Diclofenac Sodium.

Ahmed M Omer, Maha S Ahmed, Gehan M El-Subruiti, Randa E Khalifa, Abdelazeem S Eltaweil

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ahmed M OmerPolymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
Maha S AhmedChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
Gehan M El-SubruitiChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
Randa E KhalifaPolymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
Abdelazeem S EltaweilChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0001-8912-1244
Alexandria University · EGCity of Scientific Research and Technological Applications · EG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To develop an effective pH-sensitive drug carrier, alginate (Alg), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCs), and aminated chitosan (AmCs) derivatives were employed in this study. A simple ionic gelation technique was employed to formulate Alg-CMCs@AmCs dual polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) microcapsules as a pH-sensitive carrier for efficient encapsulation and release of diclofenac sodium (DS) drug. The developed microcapsules were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results clarified that formation of dual PECs significantly protected Alg microcapsules from rapid disintegration at colon conditions (pH 7.4), and greatly reduced their porosity. In addition, the dual PECs microcapsules can effectively encapsulate 95.4% of DS-drug compared to 86.3 and 68.6% for Alg and Alg-CMCs microcapsules, respectively. Higher DS-release values were achieved in simulated colonic fluid [SCF; pH 7.4] compared to those obtained in simulated gastric fluid [SGF; pH 1.2]. Moreover, the drug burst release was prevented and a sustained DS-release was achieved as the AmCs concentration increased. The results confirmed also that the developed microcapsules were biodegradable in the presence of the lysozyme enzyme. These findings emphasize that the formulated pH-sensitive microcapsules could be applied for the delivery of diclofenac sodium.

Indexed as

alginateaminated chitosancarboxymethyl chitosandrug releasepH-sensitive microcapsulespolyelectrolyte complex

Identifiers

PMID33807967
PMCPMC7998679
OpenAlexW3134137862

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.