ReviewViruses2021
Target Product Profile Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccines in Phase III Clinical Trials and Beyond: An Early 2021 Perspective.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Durability and cross-reactivity of immune responses induced by a plant-based virus-like particle vaccine for COVID-19.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of the FINLAY-FR-1A vaccine in COVID-19 convalescent participants: an open-label phase 2a and double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b, seamless, clinical trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2022Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of a Recombinant Plant-Based Adjuvanted Covid-19 Vaccine.The New England journal of medicine · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Molecular changes in agroinfiltrated leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana expressing suppressor of silencing P19 and coronavirus-like particles.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Neurological Adverse Events from COVID-19 Vaccination and It's Associated Factors in Burkina Faso: Analysis of Spontaneous Reports from the National Database of Pharmacovigilance from 2021 to 2023.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Reported side-effects following Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in the north-west province, Iran: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Immune Response to Mucosal Immunization with an Oral Probiotic-Based Vaccine in Mice: Potential for Prime-Boost Immunization against SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- COVID-19 hospitalisations in immunocompromised individuals in the Omicron era: a population-based observational study using surveillance data in British Columbia, Canada.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2023Article
- Effectiveness and Protection Duration of Anti-COVID-19 Vaccinations among Healthcare Personnel in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Combined Impact of Omicron Vaccination and Environmental Risk Exposure: A Thailand Case Study.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Most Visible Symptoms Associated with COVID-19 Vaccines Among the Residents of Makkah, Saudi Arabia: An Observational, Cross-Sectional Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Side effects of COVID-19 vaccines in the middle eastern population.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Plant-made vaccines against viral diseases in humans and farm animals.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Review
- Vaccine breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2: Why older adults need booster vaccinations.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Safety and immunogenicity of an AS03-adjuvanted plant-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Adults with and without Comorbidities.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Short-Term Symptoms Associated With COVID-19 Vaccines Used Among Adolescents in Saudi Arabia.Cureus · 2022Article
- In vitro study on efficacy of PHELA, an African traditional drug against SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected more than 100 million people globally and caused over 2.5 million deaths in just over one year since its discovery in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The pandemic has evoked widespread collateral damage to societies and economies, and has destabilized mental health and well-being. Early in 2020, unprecedented efforts went into the development of vaccines that generate effective antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Teams developing twelve candidate vaccines, based on four platforms (messenger RNA, non-replicating viral vector, protein/virus-like particle, and inactivated virus) had initiated or announced the Phase III clinical trial stage by early November 2020, with several having received emergency use authorization in less than a year. Vaccine rollout has proceeded around the globe. Previously, we and others had proposed a target product profile (TPP) for ideal/optimal and acceptable/minimal COVID-19 vaccines. How well do these candidate vaccines stack up to a harmonized TPP? Here, we perform a comparative analysis in several categories of these candidate vaccines based on the latest available trial data and highlight the early successes as well as the hurdles and barriers yet to be overcome for ending the global COVID-19 pandemic.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.