ArticleMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2021
The Relationship between the Glenohumeral Joint Internal Rotation Deficit and the Trunk Compensation Movement in Baseball Pitchers.
Article in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Accurate Shoulder Angles Can Be Detected in Single Plane Motions While Body Armor is Worn: A Validation of the HumanTrak Markerless Motion Capture System.Military medicine · 2026Article
- Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit: insights into pathologic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics.Clinics in shoulder and elbow · 2024Article
- Article
- Hip Internal Rotation in Healthy Baseball Athletes: A Scoping Review.Kansas journal of medicineReview
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesGlenohumeral joint internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is commonly observed in the dominant arm of baseball pitchers and is limited by horizontal adduction motions. We inferred that when pitchers' generation of internal shoulder rotation and horizontal adduction activity is limited, they may generate compensation movements in other body parts. This study aims to investigate whether pitchers with GIRD generates trunk compensation during pitching where pitching targets were on the lower corner of their non-dominant side.
designCase-control study.
settingElite senior high school baseball.
participantsTwenty-five senior high school baseball pitchers participated in this study. Twelve pitchers with GIRD were assigned to the experiment group, and the remaining 13 participants to the control group.
main outcome measuresGlenohumeral internal/external rotation of both arms and internal/external rotation of the bilateral hip joints were measured. The kinematic values of the trunk when pitching to a target were measured using high-speed infrared cameras.
resultsPitchers with GIRD exhibited significantly greater upper trunk rotation toward the non-dominant side when a baseball was released from their hand (27.39 ± 6.62 degrees), compared with non-GIRD pitchers (20.42 ± 5.97 degrees) (
conclusionsGIRD in the dominant arm affected upper trunk rotation during pitching and was associated with the hip range of motion. Future studies could conduct a longitudinal study regarding the relationship between GIRD and other joint injuries of the lower limbs.
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