ArticleJournal of Intelligence2021
How Multidimensional Is Emotional Intelligence? Bifactor Modeling of Global and Broad Emotional Abilities of the Geneva Emotional Competence Test.
Article in Journal of Intelligence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Emotional-Social Intelligence Profiles and Adaptive Professional Functioning Among Teachers: A Person-Centered Analysis of School Climate Perception and Conflict Handling.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
- Strengthening social skills: developing a social competence intervention for physical education using intervention mapping-protocol paper.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Editorial: Emotional intelligence in applied settings: approaches to its theoretical model, measurement, and application.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Seeing emotions in the eyes: a validated test to study individual differences in the perception of basic emotions.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2023Article
- Embracing the Emotion in Emotional Intelligence Measurement: Insights from Emotion Theory and Research.Journal of Intelligence · 2023Review
- Relation of resting brain signal variability to cognitive and socioemotional measures in an adult lifespan sample.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Drawing upon multidimensional theories of intelligence, the current paper evaluates if the Geneva Emotional Competence Test (GECo) fits within a higher-order intelligence space and if emotional intelligence (EI) branches predict distinct criteria related to adjustment and motivation. Using a combination of classical and S-1 bifactor models, we find that (a) a first-order oblique and bifactor model provide excellent and comparably fitting representation of an EI structure with self-regulatory skills operating independent of general ability, (b) residualized EI abilities uniquely predict criteria over general cognitive ability as referenced by fluid intelligence, and (c) emotion recognition and regulation incrementally predict grade point average (GPA) and affective engagement in opposing directions, after controlling for fluid general ability and the Big Five personality traits. Results are qualified by psychometric analyses suggesting only emotion regulation has enough determinacy and reliable variance beyond a general ability factor to be treated as a manifest score in analyses and interpretation. Findings call for renewed, albeit tempered, research on EI as a multidimensional intelligence and highlight the need for refined assessment of emotional perception, understanding, and management to allow focused analyses of different EI abilities.
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Registered trials
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