ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Glucocorticoid Receptor β (GRβ): Beyond Its Dominant-Negative Function.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glucocorticoids in pregnancy: a master-switch for fetal maturation.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- Glucocorticoid signalling dysregulation and immune cell adaptation in Anorexia Nervosa.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Glucocorticoid resistance-induced inflammation drives cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome pathophysiology.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
- Premedication with steroids in breast cancer - supportive treatment or tumour growth promotion?Magyar onkologia · 2026Review
- Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling: Multilevel Organization, Roles in Fetal Development, and Postnatal Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- circFKBP8(5S,6)-encoded protein promotes stress susceptibility in mice by down-regulating dopamine D3 receptor expression and its downstream AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 autophagy signaling.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- Evolutionary Integration and Glucocorticoid Regulation of the Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Homeostatic Adaptation.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Glucocorticoids and Neutrophil Biology: Impact on the Development of Resistance to Glucocorticoid Therapy.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2026Review
- Interleukin-23 in lung and airway diseases: from pathogenesis to precision-guided therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The effect of Hydrocortisone on implantation through upregulation of tight junction genes: A lab trial study.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2025Article
- Nuclear Receptors in Bladder Cancer: Insights into miRNA-Mediated Regulation and Potential Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Zebrafish as a Model Organism for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Insights into Stress Mechanisms and Behavioral Assays.Biology · 2025Review
- Impact of glucocorticoid receptor polymorphism rs6198 on sepsis survival in a prospective multicenter cohort.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exercise-Stimulated Resolvin Biosynthesis in the Adipose Tissue Is Abrogated by High-Fat Diet-Induced Adrenergic Deficiency.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2025Article
- Muscle wasting and the response to exercise in lung-injured mice is not primarily driven through the glucocorticoid axis.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway restores N-acetylcysteine-induced impairment of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis negative feedback by up-regulating GRα expression and down-regulating GRβ expression into pituitary glands.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- The Bidirectional Interaction Between NF-Journal of immunology research · 2025Review
- The dual role of glucocorticoids in the breast cancer immune microenvironment: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Perinatal glucocorticoid sensitivity in the preterm newborn: molecular mechanisms, endogenous determinants, and clinical implications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Regulatory mechanisms of steroid hormone receptors on gene transcription through chromatin interaction and enhancer reprogramming.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) act via the GC receptor (GR), a receptor ubiquitously expressed in the body where it drives a broad spectrum of responses within distinct cell types and tissues, which vary in strength and specificity. The variability of GR-mediated cell responses is further extended by the existence of GR isoforms, such as GRα and GRβ, generated through alternative splicing mechanisms. While GRα is the classic receptor responsible for GC actions, GRβ has been implicated in the impairment of GRα-mediated activities. Interestingly, in contrast to the popular belief that GRβ actions are restricted to its dominant-negative effects on GRα-mediated responses, GRβ has been shown to have intrinsic activities and "directly" regulates a plethora of genes related to inflammatory process, cell communication, migration, and malignancy, each in a GRα-independent manner. Furthermore, GRβ has been associated with increased cell migration, growth, and reduced sensitivity to GC-induced apoptosis. We will summarize the current knowledge of GRβ-mediated responses, with a focus on the GRα-independent/intrinsic effects of GRβ and the associated non-canonical signaling pathways. Where appropriate, potential links to airway inflammatory diseases will be highlighted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.