ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Response Inhibition, Cognitive Flexibility and Working Memory in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Attentional bias abnormalities and their association with cognitive load in obsessive-compulsive disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cognitive Enhancement Through Music Education: Affective Pathways to Executive Function Improvement in Musicians.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Measuring Cognitive Flexibility in Chinese Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Psychometric Validation and Factor Structure of the Chinese Version of the Flexibility in Daily Life Scale.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
- Neural mechanisms underlying cognitive inflexibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites and Executive Function Impairments in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Case Control Study.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2025Article
- N-back task revisited: Comparing the neural correlates of updating and interference control.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- It's about time: mitigating cancer-related cognitive impairments through findings from computational models of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Neurocognitive Remediation Therapy: A Promising Approach to Enhance Cognition in Community Living Pilots with Depression and Anxiety.Psychology research and behavior management · 2024Review
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Etiology, neuropathology, and cognitive dysfunction.Brain and behavior · 2023Review
- Cognitive Rigidity, Habitual Tendencies, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Individual Differences and Compensatory Interactions.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study analyzed response inhibition, cognitive flexibility and working memory in three groups of patients diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, considering some variables that may influence results (nonverbal reasoning, comorbidity, use of pharmacotherapy). Neuropsychological measures were completed using a computerized Wisconsin card sorting test, Stroop color word test, go/no-go task, digits and Corsi. Significant differences were obtained among groups in cognitive flexibility and working memory variables. The obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) group showed the worst results. The social anxiety disorder group obtained greater effect sizes in visuospatial memory. However, significant differences between groups in visuospatial memory were no longer present when nonverbal reasoning was controlled. Comorbidity influenced interference in the OCD and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) groups. In addition, the executive functions were differently influenced by the level of obsessions and anxiety, and the use of pharmacotherapy. Study limitations include a non-random selection of participants, modest sample size and design type (cross-sectional). The OCD group showed the worst results in flexibility cognitive and verbal working memory. Comorbidity, use of pharmacotherapy and level anxiety and obsessions were variables influencing the performance of executive functions.
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