ReviewNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Hard and Soft Protein Corona of Nanomaterials: Analysis and Relevance.
Review in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microglia-targetedMaterials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Can Micro- and Nanoplastics Modify Food-Allergy-Relevant Pathways?-A Comprehensive Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Engineered Protein Coronas Reveal That Apolipoprotein E Enhances Transport of Particulate Pollutants across the Blood-Brain Barrier.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Are Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Obtained by 'Green' Synthesis Biocompatible?Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Therapy: Unresolved Challenges in Manufacturing, Transdermal Delivery, Machine Learning, Endosomal Escape, and the Protein Corona.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Delivering the future of immunotherapy: A state-of-the-art review of gene editing in immune cells with lipid nanoparticles.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Turning Unpredictable Biomolecule Adsorption to Controlled Corona Formation: Focus on Carbon Nanomaterials.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Tuning protein corona on nucleic acid nanodrugs for targeted delivery.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Structure-Function Engineering of Hydrogel-MOF Polymer Composites for Regenerative Wound Dressings with Emerging Antiviral Biointerface Functions.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Assembly of Multilevel Nanoconstructs with Negatively Charged Lipid Envelope and Features of Its Interaction with Protein Corona.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- From bone replacement to regeneration. A biomaterials started journey.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Profiling High-Abundance Serum Proteins in the Corona of Nanodiamonds Using Mass Spectrometry.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2026Article
- The Distribution of Complement Proteins in Soft and Hard Coronas Impacts Macrophage Uptake of Nanoparticles.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Reactivity of Antibodies Immobilized on Gold Nanoparticles: Fluorescence Quenching Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Decoy Nanoparticles and Protein Corona Modulation: A Novel Frontier in Sepsis Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Nanosystems Containing Proteins: From Fundamentals to Applications.Chemistry, an Asian journal · 2026Review
- Formation and Characterization of Stable Antifouling Colloidal Particles via Surface-Initiated-Photoinduced Electron Transfer-Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization for Standardized Biophysical Measurements.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Evaluation of Human and Murine Protein Coronae Formed on Choline Carboxylic Acid Ionic Liquid-Modified PLGA Nanoparticles.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2025Article
- Emerging Nanozyme Strategies for Precision Breast Cancer Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Nanotoxicity of Porous Silica Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Properties and Mechanistic Cellular Endpoints.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Upon contact with a biological milieu, nanomaterials tend to interact with biomolecules present in the media, especially proteins, leading to the formation of the so-called "protein corona". As a result of these nanomaterial-protein interactions, the bio-identity of the nanomaterial is altered, which is translated into modifications of its behavior, fate, and pharmacological profile. For biomedical applications, it is fundamental to understand the biological behavior of nanomaterials prior to any clinical translation. For these reasons, during the last decade, numerous publications have been focused on the investigation of the protein corona of many different types of nanomaterials. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that the structure of the protein corona can be divided into hard and soft corona, depending on the affinity of the proteins for the nanoparticle surface. In the present document, we explore the differences between these two protein coronas, review the analysis techniques used for their assessment, and reflect on their relevance for medical purposes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.