ReviewToxins2021
Zearalenone and the Immune Response.
Review in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mycotoxins modulate oxaliplatin-induced phagocytosis of human colon cancer cells through oxidative stress in vitro.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Influence of Broad-Spectrum Mycotoxin Detoxifiers on Growth, Jejunal Morphology, Liver Histopathology and Oxidative Stress in Broilers Fed Diets Contaminated with Multiple Mycotoxins.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Effect of Zearalenone on Microbial Spatial Differences in the Chyme and Intestinal Mucosa of Piglets.Toxins · 2026Article
- Shared urinary metabolomic signatures as potential biomarkers for early intestinalCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- Advancements in aptasensors development for the detection of zearalenone.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Microbiome-mycotoxin interactions and probiotic strategies: implications for gut health and cancer.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Efficient Expression of Lactone Hydrolase Cr2zen for Scalable Zearalenone Degradation inToxins · 2025Article
- Assessment of Maternal Exposure to Mycotoxins During Pregnancy Through Biomarkers in Fetal and Neonatal Tissues.Toxins · 2025Article
- Zearalenone induces GnRH neurons activation related to central precocious puberty by triggering MKRN3 auto-ubiquitination and down-regulation.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- Mycotoxin-Caused Intestinal Toxicity: Underlying Molecular Mechanisms and Further Directions.Toxics · 2025Review
- Theabrownin combined with zearalenone suppresses colitis-associated colorectal cancer by inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway and enhancing microbial propionate production.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trends in Mycotoxins Co-Occurrence in the Complete Feed for Farm Animals in Southern Romania During 2021-2024 Period.Toxins · 2025Article
- Biomonitoring Pilot Surveys of Zearalenone in Breastmilk and the Urine of Children in Central Portugal.Toxins · 2025Article
- Rapid Detection of Zeranol Contamination in Cereals Using a Quaternary Ammonium-Functionalized Terphen[3]arene-Based Optical Sensor.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Development of an Anti-Zearalenone Nanobody Phage Display Library and Preparation of Specific Nanobodies.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- In Vivo Effectiveness ofMetabolites · 2025Article
- Research progress on the prevention and treatment of zearalenone poisoning in animals using natural products.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is an estrogenic fusariotoxin, being classified as a phytoestrogen, or as a mycoestrogen. ZEA and its metabolites are able to bind to estrogen receptors, 17β-estradiol specific receptors, leading to reproductive disorders which include low fertility, abnormal fetal development, reduced litter size and modification at the level of reproductive hormones especially in female pigs. ZEA has also significant effects on immune response with immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive results. This review presents the effects of ZEA and its derivatives on all levels of the immune response such as innate immunity with its principal component inflammatory response as well as the acquired immunity with two components, humoral and cellular immune response. The mechanisms involved by ZEA in triggering its effects are addressed. The review cited more than 150 publications and discuss the results obtained from in vitro and in vivo experiments exploring the immunotoxicity produced by ZEA on different type of immune cells (phagocytes related to innate immunity and lymphocytes related to acquired immunity) as well as on immune organs. The review indicates that despite the increasing number of studies analyzing the mechanisms used by ZEA to modulate the immune response the available data are unsubstantial and needs further works.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.