ReviewMicroorganisms2021
Antiviral Properties of Human Milk.
Review in Microorganisms, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles from Donkey Colostrum and Mature Milk.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding: The Multifaceted Impact on Child Development and Maternal Well-Being.Nutrients · 2025Review
- The gut virome and human health: From diversity to personalized medicine.Engineering microbiology · 2025Review
- Antiviral activity of eicosapentaenoic acid against zika virus and other enveloped viruses.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Colostrum Lactoferrin Following Active and Recovered SARS-CoV-2 Infections during Pregnancy.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Bioactive Components of Human Milk and Their Impact on Child's Health and Development, Literature Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Milk Antiviral Proteins and Derived Peptides against Zoonoses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Evaluation of mathematical models for predicting medicine distribution into breastmilk - considering biological heterogeneity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Antivirals and Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Human milk glycosaminoglycans inhibit cytomegalovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infectivity by impairing cell binding.Pediatric research · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgG and IgA response in maternal blood and breastmilk of vaccinated naïve and convalescent lactating participants.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Preservation of Anti-cytomegalovirus Activity in Human Milk Following High-Pressure Processing Compared to Holder Pasteurization.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Milk Fat Globules: 2024 Updates.Newborn (Clarksville, Md.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Humans have always coexisted with viruses, with both positive and negative consequences. Evolutionary pressure on mammals has selected intrinsic properties of lactation and milk to support the relatively immunocompromised neonate from environmental pathogens, as well as support the normal development of diverse immune responses. Human milk supports both adaptive and innate immunity, with specific constituents that drive immune learning and maturation, and direct protection against microorganisms. Viruses constitute one of the most ancient pressures on human evolution, and yet there is a lack of awareness by both public and healthcare professionals of the complexity of human milk as an adaptive response beyond the production of maternal antibodies. This review identifies and describes the specific antiviral properties of human milk and describes how maternal support of infants through lactation is protective beyond antibodies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.