ArticleBiomedicines2021
Long-Term Treatment of Azathioprine in Rats Induces Vessel Mineralization.
Article in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond the Prevention of Anti-drug Antibody Formation with Uricase Therapy: Mechanistic Roles of DMARDs in Modifying Gout Flare Risk.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Pathophysiological Links Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Dysbiosis and Emerging Biomarkers.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Serum Concentrations of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Polish Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk and Autoantibody Profiles.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The immune duality of osteopontin and its therapeutic implications for kidney transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Regulated vascular smooth muscle cell death in vascular diseases.Cell proliferation · 2024Review
- Biomechanical Properties of the Aortic Wall: Changes during Vascular Calcification.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Pathogenesis of Vascular Calcification.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Stressor-Induced "Inflammaging" of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Nlrp3-Mediated Pro-inflammatory Auto-Loop.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification (mVC) is closely related to cardiovascular disease, especially in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Even after successful kidney transplantation, cardiovascular mortality remains increased. There is evidence that immunosuppressive drugs might influence pathophysiological mechanisms in the vessel wall. Previously, we have shown in vitro that mVC is induced in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) upon treatment with azathioprine (AZA). This effect was confirmed in the current study in an in vivo rat model treated with AZA for 24 weeks. The calcium content increased in the aortic tissue upon AZA treatment. The pathophysiologic mechanisms involve AZA catabolism to 6-thiouracil via xanthine oxidase (XO) with subsequent induction of oxidative stress. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-6, increase upon AZA treatment, both systemically and in the aortic tissue. Further, VSMCs show an increased expression of core-binding factor α-1, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. As the AZA effect could be decreased in NLRP3
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.