ReviewCancers2021
Applications of Melanin and Melanin-Like Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: A Review of Recent Advances.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- From structural complexity to circular applications: a comparative review of the enzymatic degradation of polydopamine, tannins, lignins, and melanins.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Sustainable Production and Characterization of Eumelanin from Organically CultivatedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Dynamic Transcriptome Profile Analysis of Mechanisms Related to Melanin Deposition in Chicken Muscle Development.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Melanin biopolymers from microbial world with future perspectives-a review.Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- In Silico Molecular Docking Approach of Melanin Against Melanoma Causing MITF Proteins and Anticancer, Oxidation-Reduction, Photoprotection, and Drug-Binding Affinity Properties of Extracted Melanin from Streptomyces sp. strain MR28.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Article
- In Vitro and In Vivo Biocompatibility of Natural and SyntheticInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Synthetic Melanin Acts as Efficient Peptide Carrier in Cancer Vaccine Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Melanin-like nanoparticles: advances in surface modification and tumour photothermal therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Melanin of fungi: from classification to application.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2022Review
- A comparative characterization study between fungal and bacterial eumelanin pigments.Indian journal of microbiology · 2022Article
- NIR-Mediated drug release and tumor theranostics using melanin-loaded liposomes.Biomaterials research · 2022Article
- Melanin and Melanin-Functionalized Nanoparticles as Promising Tools in Cancer Research-A Review.Cancers · 2022Review
- The Dark Side of Melanin Secretion in Cutaneous Melanoma Aggressiveness.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Raman Characterization of Fungal DHN and DOPA Melanin Biosynthesis Pathways.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thanks to the growing knowledge about cancers and their interactions with the immune system, a huge number of therapeutic cancer vaccines have been developed in the past two decades. Despite encouraging results in pre-clinical models, cancer vaccines have not yet achieved significant clinical efficacy. Several factors may contribute to such poor results, including the difficulty of triggering a strong immune response and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Many strategies are currently being explored. Different types of adjuvants have been incorporated into vaccine formulations to improve their efficacy, as cancer antigens are usually poorly immunogenic. Nanoparticle systems are promising tools as they act as carriers for antigens and can be surface-modified so that they specifically target antigen-presenting cells in lymph nodes. Bioinspired nanomaterials are ideal candidates thanks to their biocompatibility. Recently, melanin-based nanoparticles were reported to efficiently localize into draining lymphoid tissues and trigger immune responses against loaded antigens. In addition, by virtue of their photochemical properties, melanin-based nanoparticles can also play an immunomodulatory role to promote anti-cancer responses in the context of photothermal therapy. In this review, we discuss the above-mentioned properties of melanin, and summarize the promising results of the melanin-based cancer vaccines recently reported in preclinical models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.