ArticleCells2021
Uptake and Distribution of Administered Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles in Retina.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Extracellular vesicles as therapeutic agents for retinal ganglion cell degeneration: current challenges and future prospects.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Protection of GAP-43 gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on retinitis pigmentosa.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- The therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes for retinal and optic nerve diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Glaucoma: Opportunities and Challenges.Current eye research · 2025Review
- Engineered MEVs for photoreceptor-targeted delivery of USP25 to alleviate diabetic retinopathy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Rekindling Vision: Innovative Strategies for Treating Retinal Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: a promising strategy for treating retinal degenerative diseases.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Utility of Extracellular Vesicles in Ocular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Domestic Animals.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Potential in exosome-based targeted nano-drugs and delivery vehicles for posterior ocular disease treatment: from barriers to therapeutic application.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Exosomes: current knowledge and future perspectives.Tissue barriers · 2024Review
- Photoreceptor-targeted extracellular vesicles-mediated delivery of Cul7 siRNA for retinal degeneration therapy.Theranostics · 2024Article
- Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Natural Intercellular Messengers with Versatile Mechanisms for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in diabetic retinopathy.Theranostics · 2024Review
- Hypoxic preconditioned MSCs-derived small extracellular vesicles for photoreceptor protection in retinal degeneration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- IL-6-Mediated Upregulated miRNAs in Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Lund Human Mesencephalic (LUHMES) Cells: Effects on Astrocytes and Microglia.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- The molecular mechanism of human stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in retinal repair and regeneration.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Review
- Roles of Optineurin and Extracellular Vesicles in Glaucomatous Retinal Cell Loss.Current medical science · 2023Article
- MicroRNA-based engineering of mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles for treatment of retinal ischemic disorders: Engineered extracellular vesiclesand retinal ischemia.Acta biomaterialia · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy using mesenchymal (MSC) and other stem cells has been evaluated for diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. This approach has significant limitations, including few cells integrated, aberrant growth, and surgical complications. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes/Extracellular Vesicles (MSC EVs), which include exosomes and microvesicles, are an emerging alternative, promoting immunomodulation, repair, and regeneration by mediating MSC's paracrine effects. For the clinical translation of EV therapy, it is important to determine the cellular destination and time course of EV uptake in the retina following administration. Here, we tested the cellular fate of EVs using in vivo rat retinas, ex vivo retinal explant, and primary retinal cells. Intravitreally administered fluorescent EVs were rapidly cleared from the vitreous. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) had maximal EV fluorescence at 14 days post administration, and microglia at 7 days. Both in vivo and in the explant model, most EVs were no deeper than the inner nuclear layer. Retinal astrocytes, microglia, and mixed neurons in vitro endocytosed EVs in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, our results indicate that intravitreal EVs are suited for the treatment of retinal diseases affecting the inner retina. Modification of the EV surface should be considered for maintaining EVs in the vitreous for prolonged delivery.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.