ReviewNutrients2021
Food and Food Groups in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): The Design of the Groningen Anti-Inflammatory Diet (GrAID).
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- From nutritional intervention to immune modulation: a multi-database bibliometric and topic modeling study of vitamin D in inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Saudi consensus guidance for the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association · 2025Guideline
- Pooled it
- Whole and Sprouted Cereals as Nutritional Modulators of the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Inflammation in IBD.Nutrients · 2026Review
- A Review on the Molecular Dynamics of EnterotypeInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Diet in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Efficacy, Tolerability, and Microbiome Effects Toward Personalized Management.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming in ulcerative colitis: integrating dietary drivers, pathogenesis, and therapeutic advances.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Revealing key genes and molecular mechanisms associated with dietary restriction in ulcerative colitis.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Anti-inflammatory dietary interventions in inflammatory bowel disease: current insights and future perspectives.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Psychological stress and eating behaviors as interacting influences on patient-reported disease activity in Italian patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Long-term yogurt intake and colorectal cancer incidence subclassified byGut microbes · 2025Article
- Food Compounds Associated With Disease Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Article
- Bacteroides uniformis ameliorates pro-inflammatory diet-exacerbated colitis by targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated ferroptosis.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- First-Second-Trimester Dietary Inflammatory Index and Anemia Risk in the Third Trimester: A Prospective Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Genetic Insights Into Dietary Factors, Metabolic Traits and Myasthenia Gravis Risk: A Large-Scale Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study in European Populations.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Assessing Highly Processed Food Consumption in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Application of the German Screening Questionnaire (sQ-HPF).Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Ulcerative Colitis: a case-control study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Dietary Relationships between Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Narrative Review of Diets Which May Promote Both Diseases.Current gastroenterology reports · 2025Review
- Immunological Avalanches in Renal Immune Diseases.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Can Diet Quality Be Associated with Disease Activity in a Prospective Dutch Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort?Nutrients · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diet plays a pivotal role in the onset and course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients are keen to know what to eat to reduce symptoms and flares, but dietary guidelines are lacking. To advice patients, an overview of the current evidence on food (group) level is needed. This narrative review studies the effects of food (groups) on the onset and course of IBD and if not available the effects in healthy subjects or animal and in vitro IBD models. Based on this evidence the Groningen anti-inflammatory diet (GrAID) was designed and compared on food (group) level to other existing IBD diets. Although on several foods conflicting results were found, this review provides patients a good overview. Based on this evidence, the GrAID consists of lean meat, eggs, fish, plain dairy (such as milk, yoghurt, kefir and hard cheeses), fruit, vegetables, legumes, wheat, coffee, tea and honey. Red meat, other dairy products and sugar should be limited. Canned and processed foods, alcohol and sweetened beverages should be avoided. This comprehensive review focuses on anti-inflammatory properties of foods providing IBD patients with the best evidence on which foods they should eat or avoid to reduce flares. This was used to design the GrAID.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.