ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Instrument Development and Validation to Assess Care Barriers for Patients in Saudi Arabia with Oral Clefts.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cleft Lip with or without palate in seven countries with two income levels: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Parental knowledge and access barriers in the management of cleft lip and/or palate: A cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia.Medicine · 2026Article
- Parental knowledge and barriers to cleft lip and palate care: a cross-cultural study from the Middle East and South Asia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The study objective was to construct and validate a tool to assess, measure, and evaluate the barriers and obstacles that patients with orofacial clefts (OFCs), and their families, face during treatment. The Effective Accessibility and Accommodation subscale, based on the translated Primary Care Assessment Survey and Primary Care Assessment Tool scales, was used as a reference for the questionnaire. A total of 165 parents from three main cleft referral centers in Saudi Arabia were interviewed. Questionnaire content validity was conducted by calculation of a content validity index for each item (I-CVI) as well as for the total scale (S-CVI). Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Factor analysis and principal components analysis were performed to determine the factor structure of the instrument. The final questionnaire had nine items. Rating results showed both I-CVI and S-CVI scores of 1 and Cronbach's alpha was 0.86. There were three factors (geographic accessibility, appointment availability and accessibility, and scheduling-related barriers) with eigenvalues above 1.00, which collectively accounted for 73% of the variance. In conclusion, this tool is valid and reliable to evaluate accessibility and barriers to care of patients with OFCs in Saudi Arabia.
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Registered trials
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