ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
The Role of TNF-α and Anti-TNF-α Agents during Preconception, Pregnancy, and Breastfeeding.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and their link to childhood asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- The role of inflammatory biomarkers in the development and progression of pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Golimumab for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Narrative Review of Pivotal Randomized Trials and Real-World Studies.Rheumatology and therapy · 2026Review
- The diagnostic value and molecular mechanism of miR-199a-5p in recurrent spontaneous abortion.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Article
- Age-Associated Senescence of Decidual Macrophages: A Key Mediator of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Advanced Maternal Age.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Safety and Effectiveness of Adalimumab for the Treatment of Pyoderma Gangrenosum: A 52-Week Real-World Prospective Observational Study.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Overview of T-cell subsets and related cytokines in Kawasaki disease.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Reprogramming the epigenetic profile improves the B regulatory cell function of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Immune microenvironment dynamics in pregnant patients with concomitant autoimmune diseases: mechanisms, challenges, and clinical significance.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Evaluating impacts of the trichloroethylene metaboliteJournal of immunotoxicology · 2025Article
- Biocompatible injectable glycyrrhizic acid-based growth factor hydrogel for synergistic endometrial regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Baicalin alleviates HScientific reports · 2025Article
- Analysis of the potential for immunosuppression of infants with in-utero and breast milk exposure to antitumor necrosis factor alpha agents: are all agents equally safe?International journal of women's dermatology · 2025Review
- Matrix directs trophoblast differentiation in a bioprinted organoid model of early placental development.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Epicatechin inhibits inflammatory injury in preeclampsia extravillous trophoblasts.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- Immunological Factors in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Mechanisms, Controversies, and Emerging Therapies.Biology · 2025Review
- Monocytes and cervical ripening: a narrative review of prolonged labor pathophysiology.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Abatacept, Golimumab, and Sarilumab as Selected Bio-Originator Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs with Diverse Mechanisms of Action in Their Current Use in Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a multifunctional Th1 cytokine and one of the most important inflammatory cytokines. In pregnancy, TNF-α influences hormone synthesis, placental architecture, and embryonic development. It was also shown that increased levels of TNF-α are associated with pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. Increased TNF-α levels in complicated pregnancy draw attention to trophoblast biology, especially migratory activity, syncytialisation, and endocrine function. Additionally, elevated TNF-α levels may affect the maternal-fetal relationship by altering the secretory profile of placental immunomodulatory factors, which in turn affects maternal immune cells. There is growing evidence that metabolic/pro-inflammatory cytokines can program early placental functions and growth in the first trimester of pregnancy. Furthermore, early pregnancy placenta has a direct impact on fetal development and maternal immune system diseases that release inflammatory (e.g., TNF-α) and immunomodulatory factors, such as chronic inflammatory rheumatic, gastroenterological, or dermatological diseases, and may result in an abnormal release of cytokines and chemokines in syncytiotrophoblasts. Pregnancy poses a challenge in the treatment of chronic disease in patients who plan to have children. The activity of the disease, the impact of pregnancy on the course of the disease, and the safety of pharmacotherapy, including anti-rheumatic agents, in pregnancy should be considered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.