ArticleVaccines2021
Vaccination Coverage for Routine Vaccines and Herd Immunity Levels against Measles and Pertussis in the World in 2019.
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coverage and determinants of second-dose measles vaccination among under-five children in East Africa countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Immunological insights into why pertussis continues to be endemic.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Measles in Ugandan Children Under 18 Months of Age: A Retrospective Study of Case-based Surveillance, 2018-2024.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Improving vaccination coverage among 24-month-old children in the ASL Napoli 3 Sud: a M.A.S.T.E.R. approach to transformation, evaluation and strategic redesign.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Diphtheria and pertussis outbreaks in the Americas: a scoping review of epidemiology, vaccination trends and control strategies, 2013-2024.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Diphtheria Outbreak in Somalia: An Alarming Public Health Crisis, Challenges, and Solutions.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Epidemiological trends and clinical characteristics of measles in Iraq (2023-2024): a retrospective cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Measles Vaccination Coverage and Anti-Measles Herd Immunity Levels in the World and WHO Regions Worsened from 2019 to 2023.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Review
- Pertussis resurgence: epidemiological trends, pathogenic mechanisms, and preventive strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Seroprevalence of tetanus and pertussis antibodies among health care workers in Wuhu, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Machine learning algorithms for prediction of measles one vaccination dropout among 12-23 months children in Ethiopia.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Inequalities in measles immunization coverage among two-year-olds in Sierra Leone, 2008-2019.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Using Regular High-Quality Serosurveys to Identify and Close National Immunity Gaps-Measles and Rubella Elimination in Japan.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Measles Outbreaks in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Urgent Need for Strengthened Vaccination Efforts.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Vaccination Coverage in Latin America and the Caribbean.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: assessing the prevalence, predictors, and effectiveness of a community pharmacy based counseling intervention.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Evaluating effective measles vaccine coverage in the Malaysian population accounting for between-dose correlation and vaccine efficacy.BMC public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Global Vaccine Action Plan with the objective to promote essential vaccinations in all countries and achieve at least 90% vaccination coverage for all routine vaccines by 2020. The study assessed the mean percentages of vaccination coverage in 2019 for 13 routine vaccines, vaccination coverage variation from 2015 to 2019, and herd immunity levels against measles and pertussis in 2019 in countries and regions of WHO. In 2019, the mean percentages of vaccination coverage were lower than 90% for 10 (78.9%) routine vaccines. The mean percentages of vaccination coverage also decreased from 2015 to 2019 for six (46.2%) routine vaccines. The prevalence of individuals with vaccine-induced measles immunity in the target measles vaccination population was 88.1%, and the prevalence of individuals with vaccine-induced pertussis immunity in the target pertussis vaccination population was 81.1%. Herd immunity against measles viruses with Ro = 18 was established in 63 (32.5%) countries but not established in any region. Herd immunity against pertussis agents was not established in any country and in any region of WHO. National immunization programs must be improved to achieve ≥90% vaccination coverage in all countries and regions. Likewise, it is necessary to achieve ≥95% vaccination coverage with two doses of measles vaccines and three doses of pertussis vaccines in all countries and regions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.