ReviewNutrients2021
Human Milk Microbiota and Oligosaccharides: A Glimpse into Benefits, Diversity, and Correlations.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Difference in the Intestinal Microbiota between Breastfeed Infants and Infants Fed with Artificial Milk: A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Genetic strategies for sex-biased persistence of gut microbes across human life.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of individualized breastfeeding support on exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months, occurrence of breast problems and breastfeeding self-efficacy: randomized controlled study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Trial
- Effect of a high-dose bioactive components formula on reducing common diseases in term neonates delivered by cesarean section: a randomized, open-label, controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Human milk microbiome as a modulator of the early-life gut-brain axis: mechanisms and translational opportunities for neurodevelopment.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Measurement Properties and Quality of Maternal Breastfeeding Instruments: A Scoping Review.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of Breastfeeding After Bariatric Surgery Scale.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2026Article
- Varied human milk oligosaccharides in human milk from mothers treated with antidepressants and anti-inflammatories.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- The human breast milk microbiome: a landscape review of its composition, origins, and impact on infant health.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Unveiling the viral dimension: The paediatric gut virome as a key modulator of gastrointestinal metabolic, and neurodevelopmental health.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- Effects of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid on Intestinal Microbial Composition and Metabolic Activity in a Piglet Model.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Limited Evidence of Benefits from Clinical Trials of Human-Identical Milk Oligosaccharides for Infants.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Unlocking the probiotic potential of breast milk-derived lactobacillus against urinary tract infections: mechanisms, therapeutic prospects, and future directions.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Exploration of parents' and healthcare providers' perceptions on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and willingness to use HMO-enriched formula: a baseline mixed-methods study from the State of Qatar.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Key Factors in Pediatric Obesity and Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Tracing of streptococcal strains from infant stools across human body sites links site-specific prevalence to adhesins.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Gut Health for Two: the Critical Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pregnancy and Lactation.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Factors Associated with Anthropometry Z-Scores in Exclusively Breastfed Infants Aged 0-6 Months in 10 Cities of China.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The Impact of Dietary Habits and Maternal Body Composition on Human Milk Microbiota-Polish Pilot Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Human milk oligosaccharide secretion dynamics during breastfeeding and its antimicrobial role: A systematic review.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human milk represents a cornerstone for growth and development of infants, with extensive array of benefits. In addition to exceptionally nutritive and bioactive components, human milk encompasses a complex community of signature bacteria that helps establish infant gut microbiota, contributes to maturation of infant immune system, and competitively interferes with pathogens. Among bioactive constituents of milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are particularly significant. These are non-digestible carbohydrates forming the third largest solid component in human milk. Valuable effects of HMOs include shaping intestinal microbiota, imparting antimicrobial effects, developing intestinal barrier, and modulating immune response. Moreover, recent investigations suggest correlations between HMOs and milk microbiota, with complex links possibly existing with environmental factors, genetics, geographical location, and other factors. In this review, and from a physiological and health implications perspective, milk benefits for newborns and mothers are highlighted. From a microbiological perspective, a focused insight into milk microbiota, including origins, diversity, benefits, and effect of maternal diet is presented. From a metabolic perspective, biochemical, physiological, and genetic significance of HMOs, and their probable relations to milk microbiota, are addressed. Ongoing research into mechanistic processes through which the rich biological assets of milk promote development, shaping of microbiota, and immunity is tackled.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.