ArticleBiomolecules2021
Acquired HIV-1 Protease Conformational Flexibility Associated with Lopinavir Failure May Shape the Outcome of Darunavir Therapy after Antiretroviral Therapy Switch.
Article in Biomolecules, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanism of drug resistance in HIV-1 protease subtype C in the presence of Atazanavir.Current research in structural biology · 2024Article
- Understanding Drug Resistance of Wild-Type and L38HL Insertion Mutant of HIV-1 C Protease to Saquinavir.Genes · 2023Article
- HIV-1 protease with 10 lopinavir and darunavir resistance mutations exhibits altered inhibition, structural rearrangements and extreme dynamics.Journal of molecular graphics & modelling · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding the underlying molecular interaction during a therapy switch from lopinavir (LPV) to darunavir (DRV) is essential to achieve long-term virological suppression. We investigated the kinetic and structural characteristics of multidrug-resistant South African HIV-1 subtype C protease (HIV-1 PR) during therapy switch from LPV to DRV using enzyme activity and inhibition assay, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular dynamic simulation. The HIV-1 protease variants were from clinical isolates with a combination of drug resistance mutations; MUT-1 (M46I, I54V, V82A, and L10F), MUT-2 (M46I, I54V, L76V, V82A, L10F, and L33F), and MUT-3 (M46I, I54V, L76V, V82A, L90M, and F53L). Enzyme kinetics analysis shows an association between increased relative resistance to LPV and DRV with the progressive decrease in the mutant HIV-1 PR variants' catalytic efficiency. A direct relationship between high-level resistance to LPV and intermediate resistance to DRV with intrinsic changes in the three-dimensional structure of the mutant HIV-1 PR as a function of the multidrug-resistance mutation was observed. In silico analysis attributed these structural adjustments to the multidrug-resistance mutations affecting the LPV and DRV binding landscape. Though DRV showed superiority to LPV, as a lower concentration was needed to inhibit the HIV-1 PR variants, the inherent structural changes resulting from mutations selected during LPV therapy may dynamically shape the DRV treatment outcome after the therapy switch.
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