ArticleCancers2021
Melanoma Brain Metastases in the Era of Targeted Therapy and Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumour DNA (ctDNA) Analysis for Assessing Completeness of Primary Lesion Resection and Disease Stage in Patients with Melanoma: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Navigating heterogeneity in resected brain metastases: molecular stratification and multimodal therapeutic strategies.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Treatment patterns and outcomes in melanoma brain metastasis: exploring immune-related adverse events and survival.Immunotherapy · 2025Article
- Central nervous system metastasis in melanoma patients: a retrospective cohort study, 2015-2019.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Article
- A Survival Tree of Advanced Melanoma Patients with Brain Metastases Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Cancers · 2023Article
- Brain metastases in adult patients with melanoma of unknown primary in the Netherlands (2011-2020).Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- Melanoma Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review of Opportunities for Earlier Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effectiveness of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition vs Chemotherapy in Combination With Radiation Therapy Among Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastasis Undergoing Neurosurgical Resection.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Brain metastases commonly develop in melanoma and are associated with poor overall survival of about five to nine months. Fortunately, new therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and BRAF/MEK inhibitors, have been developed. The aim of this study was to identify outcomes of different treatment strategies in patients with melanoma brain metastases in the era of checkpoint inhibitors. Patients with brain metastases secondary to melanoma were identified at a single institution. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify baseline and treatment factors, which correlated with progression-free and overall survival. A total of 209 patients with melanoma brain metastases were identified. The median overall survival of the cohort was 5.3 months. On multivariable analysis, the presence of non-cranial metastatic disease, poor performance status (ECOG 2-4), whole-brain radiation therapy, and older age at diagnosis of brain metastasis were associated with poorer overall survival. Craniotomy (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45-0.97) and treatment with a CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitor (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.94) were the only interventions associated with improved overall survival. Further studies with novel agents are needed to extend lifespan in patients with brain metastases in melanoma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.