ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Exploring the Associations between Early Childhood Development Outcomes and Ecological Country-Level Factors across Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices and childhood stunting in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Caregiver-delivered telehealth community-based rehabilitation in Jordan: a pilot quasi-experimental study of service feasibility and functional outcomes.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Home caregiving, early learning and the development of preschool-aged children in Vanuatu: A secondary analysis of 2023 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Perinatal and Childhood Risk Factors of Adverse Early Childhood Developmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review Using a Socioecological Model.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Adaptation and Implementation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) Tool in Ethiopia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association Between Family Planning and Early Childhood Development: Secondary Analysis of the 2018 Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Challenges and realities of early childhood development centers in Malawi: A critical examination.PloS one · 2025Article
- Multilevel determinants of child development in socially vulnerable Brazilian children: a longitudinal study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Interplay of paternal caregiving and screen use habits on early childhood development and children's tantrums.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Maternal knowledge on nutritional-focused nurturing care and associated factors among women with stunted children aged 6-23 months in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study.Belitung nursing journal · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic and education-based inequality in suspected developmental delays among Nepalese children: a subnational level assessment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Lead Exposure Can Affect Early Childhood Development and Could Be Aggravated by Stunted Growth: Perspectives from Mexico.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Strengthening nurturing care by supporting caregiver engagement in early childhood stimulation activities.Jornal de pediatriaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A poor start in life shapes children's development over the life-course. Children from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are exposed to low levels of early stimulation, greater socioeconomic deprivation and persistent environmental and health challenges. Nevertheless, little is known about country-specific factors affecting early childhood development (ECD) in LMICs. Using data from 68 LMICs collected as part of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys between 2010 and 2018, along with other publicly available data sources, we employed a multivariate linear regression analysis at a national level to assess the association between the average Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) in children aged 3-5 and country-level ecological characteristics: early learning and nurturing care and socioeconomic and health indicators. Our results show that upper-middle-income country status, attendance at early childhood education (ECE) programs and the availability of books at home are positively associated with a higher ECDI. Conversely, the prevalence of low birthweight and high under-5 and maternal mortality are negatively associated with ECDI nationally. On average, LMICs with inadequate stimulation at home, higher mortality rates and without mandatory ECE programs are at greater risks of poorer ECDI. Investment in early-year interventions to improve nurturing care and ECD outcomes is essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals.
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